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The Development of Interpretations of Structured, Systematic and Massive Violations in the 2024 Regional Head Elections

Jurnal IUS (Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan) · Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026) · hlm. 422–455

DOI
10.29303/ius.v14i2.1882
ISSN
2477-815X, 2303-3827
Terbit
2026-08-26
Penerbit
Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

This study examines the development of the Constitutional Court’s interpretation of Structured, Systematic, and Massive (TSM) violations in the settlement of disputes arising from the 2024 Regional Head Election. The analysis is grounded in theory of judicial interpretation, constitutional justice, and substantive justice to explain the Court’s evolving constitutional reasoning in safeguarding electoral integrity. This research employs doctrinal legal research using statutory and case approaches, analysing forty Constitutional Court decisions concerning 2024 Regional Head Election disputes that proceeded to the evidentiary hearing stage. The study finds that the Constitutional Court’s interpretation of TSM violations has evolved from a predominantly vote-count-oriented assessment toward a broader constitutional evaluation of whether serious electoral violations substantially affected the integrity and legitimacy of election results. Rather than disregarding vote calculation, the Court treated proven TSM violations as constitutionally relevant where they distorted the fairness of the electoral process and ultimately affected the validity of election outcomes. This development reflects a shift from a predominantly procedural approach toward a model of constitutional justice that places greater emphasis on substantive justice in election dispute adjudication. The Court also recognised new forms of TSM violations, including the involvement of high-ranking state officials, the mobilisation of village heads, violations of the cooling-off period applicable to former convicts, falsification of administrative documents, and violations of constitutional term limits. This study contributes to the development of constitutional jurisprudence on TSM violations and provides a normative framework for strengthening the future settlement of regional election disputes in Indonesia.

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  • Universitas Trunodjoyo Madura
  • Edo State University Uzairue
  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Ambrose Alli University
  • Joseph Ayo Babalola University
  • Atma Jaya University Yogyakarta
  • Victoria University of Wellington
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Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Evis GarunjaAleksandër Moisiu University5
Oluwaseye Oluwayomi IkubanniJoseph Ayo Babalola University4
Alade Adeniyi OyebadeJoseph Ayo Babalola University4
Mukhlis MukhlisUniversitas Trunodjoyo Madura4
Obieshi EregbuonyeAmbrose Alli University4
Esther Chetachukwu AidonojieNnamdi Azikiwe University3
Ebrima SarrAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Raphael Daoud Jackson-OrtizGeorge Washington University3
Helmy BoemiyaUniversitas Trunodjoyo Madura2
Oaihimire Idemudia EdetalehnEdo State University Uzairue2
Toyin Afolabi MajekodunmiOlabisi Onabanjo University2
Mukhlish MukhlishAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Mercy Osemudiame OkpokoUniversity of Bradford2
Souad Ahmed EzzeroualiDhofar University2
Erma RusdianaUniversitas Trunodjoyo Madura2
Lindra DarnelaSunan Kalijaga State Islamic University Yogyakarta2
Raphael D. Jackson-OrtizUniversity of Miami2
Safi SafiUniversitas Trunodjoyo Madura2
Saiful AbdullahUniversitas Trunodjoyo Madura1
Mukhlish MukhlishUniversitas Trunodjoyo Madura1
Yusuf Abass AleshinloyeAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ogoma Sunday AniAmbrose Alli University1
Ismaila HassanKampala International University1
Yusuf Ibrahim ArowosaiyeSultan Sharif Ali Islamic University1
Ong Argo VictoriaNational Taiwan Normal University1
Nathan IbrahimEdo State University Uzairue1
Adesoji Kolawole AdebayoBabcock University1
Odojor Oyenmwosa AnneEdo State University Uzairue1
Omohoste Patience AgbaleAmbrose Alli University1
Radian SalmanUniversitas Airlangga1
Sukardi SukardiUniversitas Airlangga1
Simon Ejokema ImoisiEdo State University Uzairue1
Elisabeth SundariAtma Jaya University Yogyakarta1
Helidorus Chandera HalimAtma Jaya University Yogyakarta1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">The Development of Interpretations of Structured, Systematic and Massive Violations in the 2024 Regional Head Elections</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Mohammad Syaiful Aris</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Jufri, Muwaffiq</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mendy, Ousu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Habibullah, Abdul Wachid</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Constitutional Court</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Constitutional Interpretation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Election Violations</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Regional Head Election</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">TSM</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">This study examines the development of the Constitutional Court’s interpretation of Structured, Systematic, and Massive (TSM) violations in the settlement of disputes arising from the 2024 Regional Head Election. The analysis is grounded in theory of judicial interpretation, constitutional justice, and substantive justice to explain the Court’s evolving constitutional reasoning in safeguarding electoral integrity. This research employs doctrinal legal research using statutory and case approaches, analysing forty Constitutional Court decisions concerning 2024 Regional Head Election disputes that proceeded to the evidentiary hearing stage. The study finds that the Constitutional Court’s interpretation of TSM violations has evolved from a predominantly vote-count-oriented assessment toward a broader constitutional evaluation of whether serious electoral violations substantially affected the integrity and legitimacy of election results. Rather than disregarding vote calculation, the Court treated proven TSM violations as constitutionally relevant where they distorted the fairness of the electoral process and ultimately affected the validity of election outcomes. This development reflects a shift from a predominantly procedural approach toward a model of constitutional justice that places greater emphasis on substantive justice in election dispute adjudication. The Court also recognised new forms of TSM violations, including the involvement of high-ranking state officials, the mobilisation of village heads, violations of the cooling-off period applicable to former convicts, falsification of administrative documents, and violations of constitutional term limits. This study contributes to the development of constitutional jurisprudence on TSM violations and provides a normative framework for strengthening the future settlement of regional election disputes in Indonesia.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-08-26</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-Reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/article/view/1882</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.29303/ius.v14i2.1882</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan; 422-455</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2477-815X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2303-3827</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.29303/ius.v14i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/article/view/1882/721</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Syaiful Aris, Muwaffiq Jufri, Ousu Mendy, Abdul Wachid Habibullah, Paul Atagamen Aidonojie</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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