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State Control over Gross Split Contracts in Indonesia’s Upstream Oil and Gas Sector

Pengawasan Negara atas Kontrak Pembagian Bruto di Sektor Hulu Minyak dan Gas Indonesia

Jurnal IUS (Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan) · Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 268–290

DOI
10.29303/ius.v14i1.2064
ISSN
2477-815X, 2303-3827
Terbit
2026-04-30
Penerbit
Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Historically, upstream oil and gas business activities in Indonesia have relied on the Cost Recovery-based Production Sharing Contract (PSC) scheme. However, this scheme has often been criticized for its efficiency and contribution to fluctuations in non-tax state revenue (PNBP) amidst the challenges of declining national production. Responding to these dynamics, the Government introduced the Gross Split scheme through Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) Regulation Number 08 of 2017 regarding Production Sharing Contract Gross Split and several amendments made, most recently with Minister of ESDM Regulation Number 13 of 2024 concerning Production Sharing Contract Gross Split as an effort to simplify governance and increase investment attractiveness. This article presents a normative review of the reconception of the State's Right to Control (HMN) in the paradigm transition. Through the constitutional lens of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, this article examines indications of a reduction in the role of the state from an active manager to an administrative authority that tends to be passive. The focus of the argumentation is directed at the problems of formal and material legality, where the use of Ministerial Regulation instruments to change the national oil and gas fiscal fundamentals is seen as less in line with the principle of exceptional discretion mandated by the laws and regulations above and the use of the gross split scheme shifts the authority and flexibility of upstream oil and gas operations management to contractors. The author argues that this shift in management sovereignty requires a stronger legitimization foundation at the statutory level in order to maintain the integration of management (bestuursdaad) and management (beheersdaad) functions by the state. In conclusion, the reconception of HMN must be placed in the corridor of intact energy sovereignty to ensure that every discretionary policy remains oriented towards ensuring legal certainty and protecting the public interest as well as substantively fulfilling the constitutional mandate.

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29 penulis · 64 tautan kepenulisan bersama · 20 lintas organisasi

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  • University of Brawijaya
  • Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim
  • Indonesia Defense University
  • Lambung Mangkurat University
  • Sultan Agung Islamic University
  • Sriwijaya University
  • The University of Melbourne
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Organisasi berbeda
  • Organisasi sama
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Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Rika KurniatyUniversity of Brawijaya3
Jundiani JundianiUniversitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim2
Dody Novizar MardyansyahUniversity of Brawijaya2
Yenny Eta WidyantiUniversity of Brawijaya2
Moh. FadliUniversity of Brawijaya2
Setyo WidagdoUniversity of Brawijaya1
Elisabeth Septin PuspoayuUniversity of Brawijaya1
Erfaniah ZuhriahUniversitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim1
Moh FadliAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ilham Dwi RafiqiUniversity of Brawijaya1
Dhiana PuspitawatiUniversity of Brawijaya1
Lukman Yudho PrakosoIndonesia Defense University1
Nuddin HarahabUniversity of Brawijaya1
Theresia Betty SumarnoUniversity of Brawijaya1
Retno Wahyu Nickent CassyUniversity of Brawijaya1
Nurjannah NurjannahUniversity of Brawijaya1
M. Rifqinizamy KarsayudaLambung Mangkurat University1
Sukarmi SukarmiSultan Agung Islamic University1
Muchamad Ali Safa’atAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nurul ApriantiUniversity of Brawijaya1
Rachmad Safa’atAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Istislam IstislamUniversity of Brawijaya1
Indah FebrianiSriwijaya University1
SukarmiUniversity of Brawijaya1
Hikam HulwanullahThe University of Melbourne1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">State Control over Gross Split Contracts in Indonesia’s Upstream Oil and Gas Sector</dc:title>
	<dc:title xml:lang="id-ID">Pengawasan Negara atas Kontrak Pembagian Bruto di Sektor Hulu Minyak dan Gas Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Zuchri, Syaifudin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Indah Dwi Qurbani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Pan Moh. Faiz</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Adi Kusumaningrum</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Cost Recovery</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Gross Split</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Indonesian Oil and Gas Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Production Sharing Contract</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">SKK Migas</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">State Control over Natural Resources</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Upstream Oil and Gas</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Historically, upstream oil and gas business activities in Indonesia have relied on the Cost Recovery-based Production Sharing Contract (PSC) scheme. However, this scheme has often been criticized for its efficiency and contribution to fluctuations in non-tax state revenue (PNBP) amidst the challenges of declining national production. Responding to these dynamics, the Government introduced the Gross Split scheme through Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) Regulation Number 08 of 2017 regarding Production Sharing Contract Gross Split and several amendments made, most recently with Minister of ESDM Regulation Number 13 of 2024 concerning Production Sharing Contract Gross Split as an effort to simplify governance and increase investment attractiveness. This article presents a normative review of the reconception of the State's Right to Control (HMN) in the paradigm transition. Through the constitutional lens of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, this article examines indications of a reduction in the role of the state from an active manager to an administrative authority that tends to be passive. The focus of the argumentation is directed at the problems of formal and material legality, where the use of Ministerial Regulation instruments to change the national oil and gas fiscal fundamentals is seen as less in line with the principle of exceptional discretion mandated by the laws and regulations above and the use of the gross split scheme shifts the authority and flexibility of upstream oil and gas operations management to contractors. The author argues that this shift in management sovereignty requires a stronger legitimization foundation at the statutory level in order to maintain the integration of management (bestuursdaad) and management (beheersdaad) functions by the state. In conclusion, the reconception of HMN must be placed in the corridor of intact energy sovereignty to ensure that every discretionary policy remains oriented towards ensuring legal certainty and protecting the public interest as well as substantively fulfilling the constitutional mandate.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-Reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/article/view/2064</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.29303/ius.v14i1.2064</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan; 268-290</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2477-815X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2303-3827</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.29303/ius.v14i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/article/view/2064/713</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Syaifudin Zuchri, Indah Dwi Qurbani, Pan Moh. Faiz, Adi Kusumaningrum</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>