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Trypanosoma evansi as a Major Cause of Animal Trypanosomiasis: A Comprehensive Review

Jurnal Medik Veteriner · Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 455–477

DOI
10.20473/jmv.vol8.iss2.2025.455-477
ISSN
2581-012X, 2615-7497
Terbit
2025-10-01
Penerbit
Universitas Airlangga
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi is a major protozoan illness that affects animals worldwide. It is also referred to as “surra” and affects a variety if wild and domestic animals such as sheep, cattle, goats, dogs, buffaloes, pigs, elephants, amongst others. In preparing this review, relevant scientific articles were searched on PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases using the keyword “Trypanosoma evansi AND animals”. T. evansi are carried by a vast number of hematophagous flies and are found in the extracellular and internal fluids of certain hosts. Trypanosomosis is mostly characterized by anemia, and the degree of anemia can typically be used as a gauge for the disease's severity. Trypanosomiasis compromises the host animal's immune system and its diagnosis is dependent on a number of factors such as thorough clinical examination, suitable sample collection, sample size, suitable diagnostic test performance, and logical interpretation of test results. The clinical manifestations of trypanosomiasis vary widely in both appearance and severity, ranging from neurological disturbances and skin plaques to vaginal enlargement. Hematophagous biting flies, including Tabanus, Haematopota, Glossina, Chrysops, Lyperosia, Stomoxys, and Hippobusca flies, contribute to the spread of trypanosomiasis. Four medications are primarily used to treat trypanosomiasis: quinapyramine, karetin, diminazene aceturate (Berenil), and melarsomine (cymelarsan). An efficient vaccination program is an additional technique for managing infectious diseases in addition to treatment. The most important step in curtailing the spread of trypanosomiasis caused by T. evansi is to stop its transmission by flies via physical and chemical methods.

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  • Universitas Airlangga
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya
  • Universitas Syiah Kuala
  • Ebonyi State University
  • Gomal University
  • The University of Queensland
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Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Sri HidanahUniversitas Airlangga22
Soeharsono SoeharsonoUniversitas Airlangga14
Abdullah HasibThe University of Queensland13
Saifur RehmanGomal University13
Mustofa Helmi EffendiUniversitas Airlangga12
Muhammad Anam Al-ArifUniversitas Airlangga10
Widya Paramita LokapirnasariUniversitas Airlangga9
Nenny HarijaniUniversitas Airlangga7
Imam MustofaUniversitas Airlangga7
Andreas Berny YuliantoUniversitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya6
Muchammad YunusUniversitas Airlangga6
Sarmanu SarmanuUniversitas Airlangga5
Ratna DamayantiUniversitas Airlangga5
Ardianto ArdiantoUniversitas Airlangga5
Eduardus Bimo AksonoUniversitas Airlangga5
Agustono AgustonoUniversitas Airlangga4
Jola RahmahaniUniversitas Airlangga3
Bodhi AgustonoUniversitas Airlangga3
Wiwiek TyasningsihUniversitas Airlangga2
Anwar Ma’rufUniversitas Airlangga2
Sri Pantja MadyawatiUniversitas Airlangga2
Rochmah KurnijasantiUniversitas Airlangga2

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JMV/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Trypanosoma evansi as a Major Cause of Animal Trypanosomiasis: A Comprehensive Review</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Warsito, Sunaryo Hadi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Khairullah, Aswin Rafif </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Lamid, Mirni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Al-Arif, Mohammad Anam</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hermadi, Herry Agoes</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Lokapirnasari, Widya Paramita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kusala, Muhammad Khaliim Jati </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Wibowo, Syahputra</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ayuti, Siti Rani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Wardhani, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Fauziah, Ima</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yanestria, Sheila Marty</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Moses, Ikechukwu Benjamin </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Prasetyo, Agung</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Aryaloka, Suhita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Fauzia, Kartika Afrida</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ahmad, Riza Zainuddin </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kurniasih, Dea Anita Ariani </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">fly</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">diseases</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">parasitemia</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Trypanosoma</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">trypanosomiasis</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi is a major protozoan illness that affects animals worldwide. It is also referred to as “surra” and affects a variety if wild and domestic animals such as sheep, cattle, goats, dogs, buffaloes, pigs, elephants, amongst others. In preparing this review, relevant scientific articles were searched on PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases using the keyword “Trypanosoma evansi AND animals”. T. evansi are carried by a vast number of hematophagous flies and are found in the extracellular and internal fluids of certain hosts. Trypanosomosis is mostly characterized by anemia, and the degree of anemia can typically be used as a gauge for the disease's severity. Trypanosomiasis compromises the host animal's immune system and its diagnosis is dependent on a number of factors such as thorough clinical examination, suitable sample collection, sample size, suitable diagnostic test performance, and logical interpretation of test results. The clinical manifestations of trypanosomiasis vary widely in both appearance and severity, ranging from neurological disturbances and skin plaques to vaginal enlargement. Hematophagous biting flies, including Tabanus, Haematopota, Glossina, Chrysops, Lyperosia, Stomoxys, and Hippobusca flies, contribute to the spread of trypanosomiasis. Four medications are primarily used to treat trypanosomiasis: quinapyramine, karetin, diminazene aceturate (Berenil), and melarsomine (cymelarsan). An efficient vaccination program is an additional technique for managing infectious diseases in addition to treatment. The most important step in curtailing the spread of trypanosomiasis caused by T. evansi is to stop its transmission by flies via physical and chemical methods.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-10-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
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	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JMV/article/view/63985</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jmv.vol8.iss2.2025.455-477</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal Medik Veteriner; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): October; 455-477</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2581-012X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2615-7497</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JMV/article/view/63985/34065</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JMV/article/view/63985/35272</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Sunaryo Hadi Warsito, Aswin Rafif  Khairullah, Mirni Lamid, Mohammad Anam Al-Arif, Herry Agoes Hermadi, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari, Muhammad Khaliim Jati  Kusala, Syahputra Wibowo, Siti Rani Ayuti, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma  Wardhani, Ima Fauziah, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ikechukwu Benjamin  Moses, Agung Prasetyo, Suhita Aryaloka, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Riza Zainuddin  Ahmad, Dea Anita Ariani  Kurniasih</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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