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Prevalence and molecular characterization of Babesia and Theileria species in cattle from West Sumatra, Indonesia

Jurnal Medik Veteriner · Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 41–51

DOI
10.20473/jmv.vol9.iss1.2026.41-51
ISSN
2581-012X, 2615-7497
Terbit
2026-04-01
Penerbit
Universitas Airlangga
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

This epidemiological investigation conducted in three regencies of West Sumatra, Indonesia, aimed to examine the molecular prevalence and distribution of Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis, and Theileria orientalis. A cross-sectional study employing a convenience sampling technique included 151 cattle blood samples. These samples were collected from three regencies (Agam, Limapuluh Kota, and Tanah Datar) between January 2023 and February 2024. Blood samples were examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with sequencing, targeting the cytochrome b gene for B. bigemina and B. bovis, and the 18S rRNA gene for Theileria spp. A total of 151 cattle blood samples from West Sumatra were examined for hemoprotozoan infections using both microscopic and molecular approaches. Based on blood smear examination, 23 (15.2%) and 118 (78.1%) samples were positive for Babesia spp. and Theileria spp., respectively. Subsequent nested PCR analysis confirmed all Babesia-positive samples as B. bigemina, while B. bovis was not detected. In contrast, 131 (86.7%) samples were molecularly identified as T. orientalis. Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome b gene revealed three distinct clades of B. bigemina, indicating genetic diversity likely shaped by geographical distribution, vector ecology, or host adaptation. These findings demonstrate that T. orientalis is the predominant hemoprotozoan agent in West Sumatra, while the genetic variability of B. bigemina underscores the complexity of its epidemiology. Together, these results provide critical insights for improving surveillance and guiding the formulation of effective hemoparasite management strategies in the tropical Indonesian archipelago.

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  • Politeknik Negeri Nusa Utara
  • Andalas University
  • University of Palangka Raya
  • Hasanuddin University
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Risa TiuriaIPB University5
Sri MurtiniIPB University4
Ekowati HandharyaniIPB University3
Yusuf RidwanIPB University2
Nanis NurhidayahNational Research and Innovation Agency2
Arif Rahman JabalUniversity of Palangka Raya1
Arini RatnasariHasanuddin University1
Isrok Malikus SufiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Etih SudarnikaIPB University1
Eko Setyo PurwantoBinus University1
Didik Tulus SubektiNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Fitrine EkawastiNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Farlin NephoNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Dyah Ayu KurniawatiIndonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development1
Rini DamayantiNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Siti Sa’diahIPB University1
Arifin NugrahaIPB University1
Mokhamad FahrudinIPB University1
Ni Wayan Kurniani KarjaIPB University1
Wahono Esthi PrasetyaningtyasIPB University1
I Ketut Mudite AdnyaneIPB University1
Raden Iis ArifiantiniIPB University1
Rizal GusdinarIPB University1
Muhammad ElmanavieanSekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Protestan Negeri Sentani1
Dhito Dwi PramardikaPoliteknik Negeri Nusa Utara1
Meityn Disye KasaluhePoliteknik Negeri Nusa Utara1
R MurwarniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
M.B.M. MaloleAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Lili ZalizarAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
D.A AstutiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
R MurwantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JMV/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Prevalence and molecular characterization of Babesia and Theileria species in cattle from West Sumatra, Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Cahyaningsih, Umi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yellita, Yulia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Putra, Eliyus</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Roza</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Satrija, Fadjar</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Arif, Ridi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Inarsih, Dwi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Santosa, Budi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nugraha, Arifin Budiman</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Babesia bigemina</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Babesia bovis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Theileria orientalis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">West Sumatra</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">This epidemiological investigation conducted in three regencies of West Sumatra, Indonesia, aimed to examine the molecular prevalence and distribution of Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis, and Theileria orientalis. A cross-sectional study employing a convenience sampling technique included 151 cattle blood samples. These samples were collected from three regencies (Agam, Limapuluh Kota, and Tanah Datar) between January 2023 and February 2024. Blood samples were examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with sequencing, targeting the cytochrome b gene for B. bigemina and B. bovis, and the 18S rRNA gene for Theileria spp. A total of 151 cattle blood samples from West Sumatra were examined for hemoprotozoan infections using both microscopic and molecular approaches. Based on blood smear examination, 23 (15.2%) and 118 (78.1%) samples were positive for Babesia spp. and Theileria spp., respectively. Subsequent nested PCR analysis confirmed all Babesia-positive samples as B. bigemina, while B. bovis was not detected. In contrast, 131 (86.7%) samples were molecularly identified as T. orientalis. Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome b gene revealed three distinct clades of B. bigemina, indicating genetic diversity likely shaped by geographical distribution, vector ecology, or host adaptation. These findings demonstrate that T. orientalis is the predominant hemoprotozoan agent in West Sumatra, while the genetic variability of B. bigemina underscores the complexity of its epidemiology. Together, these results provide critical insights for improving surveillance and guiding the formulation of effective hemoparasite management strategies in the tropical Indonesian archipelago.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JMV/article/view/77394</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jmv.vol9.iss1.2026.41-51</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal Medik Veteriner; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): April; 41-51</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2581-012X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2615-7497</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JMV/article/view/77394/36886</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JMV/article/view/77394/37705</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Umi Cahyaningsih, Yulia Yellita, Eliyus Putra, Roza, Fadjar Satrija, Ridi Arif, Dwi Inarsih, Budi Santosa, Arifin Budiman Nugraha</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>