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A one health perspective on antimicrobial susceptibility testing and multidrug resistance patterns of Escherichia coli from exotic pets in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Jurnal Medik Veteriner · Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 272–290

DOI
10.20473/jmv.vol9.iss1.2026.272-290
ISSN
2581-012X, 2615-7497
Terbit
2026-04-01
Penerbit
Universitas Airlangga
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli is widely used as an indicator organism in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance, with most studies focusing on livestock. However, AMR in companion animals, particularly exotic pet species in Indonesia, remains poorly explored. This preliminary study aimed to presumptively detect resistant E. coli in pigeons, civets, and iguanas housed in pet shops located on Seutui’s main road in the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to collect 15 fecal samples from pigeons (n = 9), civets (n = 3), and iguanas (n = 3) kept in three pet shops from June to July 2025. E. coli isolates were confirmed using Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMBA). Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby–Bauer method against five antibiotics: cephalothin (CEP, 30 μg), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT, 25 μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), tetracycline (TE, 30 μg), and chloramphenicol (CHL, 30 μg). Presumptive E. coli positivity was confirmed in 46.67% (7/15) of the fecal samples. Species-specific positivity rates were 44.44% (4/9), 33.33% (1/3), and 66.67% (2/3) in pigeons, civets, and iguanas, respectively. The multidrug resistance (MDR) profile across all isolates was 85.71% (6/7). Species-specific MDR was observed in 75.00% (3/4) of pigeon-derived isolates and 100% of both civet-derived (n = 1) and iguana-derived isolates (n = 2). In conclusion, multidrug-resistant E. coli was detected in pigeons, civets, and iguanas housed in pet shops. A One Health approach and mitigation framework should be implemented to control AMR in pet shops and other relevant veterinary settings.

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  • Universitas Syiah Kuala
  • Sultan Idris Education University
  • Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya
  • Universitas Islam Negeri Sultanah Nahrasiyah Lhokseumawe
  • Institut Teknologi Batam
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh
  • Universitas Jambi
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Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Sri WahyuniUniversitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry2
Mustafa SabriUniversitas Syiah Kuala2
Hamny SofyanUniversitas Syiah Kuala2
Mudhita Zikkrullah RitongaUniversitas Syiah Kuala2
Muhammad JalaluddinUniversitas Syiah Kuala2
Denny Irmawati HasanUniversitas Syiah Kuala2
Frengki FrengkiUniversitas Syiah Kuala2
Evan SyaputraInstitut Teknologi Batam1
Benny Dwika LeonandaAndalas University1
Nur IksanUniversitas Riau Kepulauan1
Azmi Shawkat AbdulbaqieUniversity of Anbar1
Mohd Razimi HusinSultan Idris Education University1
Hishamuddin AhmadSultan Idris Education University1
Ismail Yusuf PanessaiSultan Idris Education University1
Indra RahmawatiUniversitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya1
Arief MardijantoUniversitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya1
Yoakim Hardiputra NgabutUniversitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya1
Muhammad FazliUniversitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi1
Helda Yusfarina AnggrainiUniversitas Islam Negeri Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris Samarinda1
Safwan SafwanUniversitas Islam Negeri Sultanah Nahrasiyah Lhokseumawe1
Nora MaulanaUniversitas Islam Negeri Sultanah Nahrasiyah Lhokseumawe1
Rita MulyaniUniversitas Islam Negeri Sultanah Nahrasiyah Lhokseumawe1
Maifrizal MaifrizalUniversitas Muhammadiyah Aceh1
Fahmi IchwansyahUniversitas Muhammadiyah Aceh1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JMV/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">A one health perspective on antimicrobial susceptibility testing and multidrug resistance patterns of Escherichia coli from exotic pets in Banda Aceh, Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Ferasyi, Teuku Reza</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Abrar, Mahdi Abrar</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ismail, Ismail</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Admi, Masda</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sari, Wahyu Eka</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Awaluddin, Awaluddin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rosalia, Rosalia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Wardhani, Lailia Dwi Kusuma </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Zulkifli, Baidillah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rosa, Teuku Shaddiq </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kamaruzaman, Intan Noor Aina </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hemelikova, Adela</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">antimicrobial resistance</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Banda Aceh</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Escherichia coli</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">exotic pets</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">one health</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli is widely used as an indicator organism in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance, with most studies focusing on livestock. However, AMR in companion animals, particularly exotic pet species in Indonesia, remains poorly explored. This preliminary study aimed to presumptively detect resistant E. coli in pigeons, civets, and iguanas housed in pet shops located on Seutui’s main road in the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to collect 15 fecal samples from pigeons (n = 9), civets (n = 3), and iguanas (n = 3) kept in three pet shops from June to July 2025. E. coli isolates were confirmed using Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMBA). Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby–Bauer method against five antibiotics: cephalothin (CEP, 30 μg), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT, 25 μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), tetracycline (TE, 30 μg), and chloramphenicol (CHL, 30 μg). Presumptive E. coli positivity was confirmed in 46.67% (7/15) of the fecal samples. Species-specific positivity rates were 44.44% (4/9), 33.33% (1/3), and 66.67% (2/3) in pigeons, civets, and iguanas, respectively. The multidrug resistance (MDR) profile across all isolates was 85.71% (6/7). Species-specific MDR was observed in 75.00% (3/4) of pigeon-derived isolates and 100% of both civet-derived (n = 1) and iguana-derived isolates (n = 2). In conclusion, multidrug-resistant E. coli was detected in pigeons, civets, and iguanas housed in pet shops. A One Health approach and mitigation framework should be implemented to control AMR in pet shops and other relevant veterinary settings.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JMV/article/view/87498</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jmv.vol9.iss1.2026.272-290</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal Medik Veteriner; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): April; 272-290</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2581-012X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2615-7497</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JMV/article/view/87498/36903</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JMV/article/view/87498/37605</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Teuku Reza Ferasyi, Mahdi Abrar Abrar, Ismail Ismail, Masda Admi, Wahyu Eka Sari, Awaluddin Awaluddin, Rosalia Rosalia, Lailia Dwi Kusuma  Wardhani, Baidillah Zulkifli, Teuku Shaddiq  Rosa, Intan Noor Aina  Kamaruzaman, Adela Hemelikova</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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