Dampak konsumsi ikan columbia catfish dari kolam bekas peleburan aki bekas terhadap penyakit degeneratif dan keamanan pangannya: The impact of consuming driftwood catfish from a former used battery smelting pond on degenerative diseases and its food safety

Abstrak

Bahasa Indonesia

Desa Cinangka merupakan sentra daur ulang aki bekas tradisional ilegal di Bogor, namun sudah ditutup 15 tahun lalu. Tujuan penelitian, yaitu menentukan dampak konsumsi ikan columbia catfish yang dipelihara di kolam bekas peleburan aki bekas terhadap potensi penyakit degeneratif kanker dan non-kanker serta keamanan pangannya. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah kandungan logam berat pada daging ikan dan logam terlarut pada air dengan XRF dan AAS, faktor biokonsentrasi, risiko kesehatan akibat konsumsi ikan (kanker dan non-kanker) serta keamanan pangannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ikan memiliki kemampuan untuk mengakumulasi logam berat pada tubuhnya. Daging ikan terkontaminasi Fe (537,53ppm), Cu (47,69ppm), Zn (942,53ppm), As (11,58ppm) dan Pb (13,07ppm). Air kolam tercemar oleh Fe, Zn, As dan Pb serta terkontaminasi Cu. Terjadi biokonsentrasi pada daging ikan, yakni Fe (658,33), Cu (4541,90), Zn (17357,83), As (9,94) dan Pb (142,53). Nilai Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) pada anak untuk semua logam berat >1, sedang pada dewasa yang mempunyai nilai THQ>1 adalah Zn, As, dan Pb. Nilai Hazard Index (HI)>1 pada anak dan dewasa sehingga konsumsi ikan berisiko memunculkan penyakit degeneratif non kanker. Konsumsi daging ikan berisiko memunculkan penyakit kanker, pada dewasa, yaitu rendah-sedang, sedangkan pada anak sedang-tinggi. Konsumsi harian ikan columbia catfish yang aman untuk anak 0,004 g/hari dan dewasa 0,015 g/hari. Batas konsumsi maksimum untuk anak 0,026 kg/minggu dan dewasa 0,091 kg/minggu. Anak-anak jauh lebih rentan dibanding dewasa.

Inggris

Cinangka Village, located in Bogor, was historically known as a site for illegal battery recycling. However, the activity ceased 15 years ago. The aim of this study was to determine the potential health impacts of consuming Columbia catfish raised in a pond contaminated by used battery smelting and its potential for causing cancer, non-cancer degenerative diseases, and affecting food safety. The study included testing for heavy metal content in the fish flesh and dissolved metals in the water using XRF and AAS techniques. It also calculated bioconcentration factors and assessed health risks associated with fish consumption, both for cancer and non-cancer conditions, in relation to food safety. The results indicated that the fish is capable of effectively accumulating heavy metals in its body. The flesh was found to be contaminated with Fe (537.53 ppm), Cu (47.69 ppm), Zn (942.53 ppm), As (11.58 ppm), and Pb (13.07 ppm). The pond water itself was contaminated with Fe, Zn, As, Pb, and Cu. Bioconcentration of these metals was observed in the flesh, with Fe (658.33), Cu (4541.90), Zn (17357.83), As (9.94), and Pb (142.53). The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) > 1 value for all heavy metals in children, while for adults, the THQ > 1 only for Zn, As, and Pb. Both children and adults had a Hazard Index (HI) > 1, indicating that consuming these fish presents a risk of non-cancer degenerative diseases. Consuming fish poses a cancer risk, with the risk level being low to medium for adults and medium to high for children. The safe daily consumption of Columbia catfish for children is 0.004 grams per day, while for adults, it is 0.015 grams per day. The maximum safe consumption limit is 0.026 kg/week for children and 0.091 kg/week for adults. Children are notably more vulnerable to these risks than adults.

Kata kunci

• cancerous
• hazard index
• heavy metals
• non-cancerous diseases
• target hazard quotient
• kanker
• logam berat
• penyakit non kanker