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Carboxymethyl cellulose films derived from pineapple waste: Fabrication and properties

Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry · Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 5–19

DOI
10.31603/mesi.12789
ISSN
2798-5245
Terbit
2025-01-12
Penerbit
Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang
Bahasa
en

Abstrak

Plastic waste poses a significant environmental challenge due to its non-biodegradable nature, emphasizing the need for sustainable alternatives like bioplastics from natural resources. This study develops and characterizes bioplastic films made from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derived from bacterial cellulose synthesized using pineapple biowaste. Pineapple waste underwent fermentation to produce bacterial cellulose, which was chemically modified into CMC. Films were fabricated using CMC solutions with varying glycerol concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.5% v/v). Characterization techniques, including SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA, mechanical testing, and antibacterial assays, revealed that increasing glycerol concentrations smoothed the film's cross-sectional morphology, reduced crystallinity, and altered functional groups (e.g., new peaks at 870 cm⁻¹ and 935 cm⁻¹ attributed to C–H deformation). TGA indicated a four-stage thermal degradation pattern, with mass loss increasing from 77.2% to 88.4% at 2.5% glycerol, reflecting enhanced plasticization. Mechanical testing showed that the highest glycerol concentration increased film flexibility by 40.7 times while reducing tensile strength by 89.7%. Antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus also improved with glycerol content. These results demonstrate the potential of CMC-based bioplastic films as sustainable packaging materials, offering customizable properties and promoting the value-added use of agricultural waste.

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  • Universitas Negeri Padang
  • University of Brawijaya
  • State University of Malang
  • Andalas University
  • Saveetha University
  • Universiti Teknologi MARA
  • Universiti Malaysia Perlis
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Rahmi HolinestiUniversitas Negeri Padang2
Yenny RisjaniUniversity of Brawijaya2
Aminnudin AminnudinState University of Malang2
Tamaryska SetyayunitaState University of Malang2
Azlin Fazlina OsmanUniversiti Malaysia Perlis2
Mauly Izzati NabilaUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Sari MustikaUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Nabilla Bunga SyakhiraUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Ranggi Rahimul InsanUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Wiwik GusnitaUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Wirnelis SyariefUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Mohd Salehuddin Mohd ZahariUniversiti Teknologi MARA1
Maykel ManawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Andoko AndokoState University of Malang1
Femiana GapsariUniversity of Brawijaya1
Rifqi Ryandi Dwi AnantoState University of Malang1
Pepi ResmantiUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Yusmerita YusmeritaUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Yeka HendriyaniUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Asus Maizar SHUniversity of Brawijaya1
Ita Fitria SUniversity of Brawijaya1
Rifka Rimbi AnggrainiUniversity of Brawijaya1
Asep Awaludin PrihantoUniversity of Brawijaya1
Anisa Millah TaqiyyahUniversity of Brawijaya1
Mohammad FadjarUniversity of Brawijaya1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/mesi/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Carboxymethyl cellulose films derived from pineapple waste: Fabrication and properties</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Suryanto, Heru</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Syukri, Daimon</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Faridah, Anni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yanuhar, Uun</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Binoj, Joseph Selvi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nusantara, Fajar</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Komarudin, Komarudin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ulhaq, Ulfieda Anwar</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Bioplastics</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Carboxymethyl cellulose</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Film</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Glycerol</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pineapple biowaste</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Plastic waste poses a significant environmental challenge due to its non-biodegradable nature, emphasizing the need for sustainable alternatives like bioplastics from natural resources. This study develops and characterizes bioplastic films made from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derived from bacterial cellulose synthesized using pineapple biowaste. Pineapple waste underwent fermentation to produce bacterial cellulose, which was chemically modified into CMC. Films were fabricated using CMC solutions with varying glycerol concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.5% v/v). Characterization techniques, including SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA, mechanical testing, and antibacterial assays, revealed that increasing glycerol concentrations smoothed the film's cross-sectional morphology, reduced crystallinity, and altered functional groups (e.g., new peaks at 870 cm⁻¹ and 935 cm⁻¹ attributed to C–H deformation). TGA indicated a four-stage thermal degradation pattern, with mass loss increasing from 77.2% to 88.4% at 2.5% glycerol, reflecting enhanced plasticization. Mechanical testing showed that the highest glycerol concentration increased film flexibility by 40.7 times while reducing tensile strength by 89.7%. Antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus also improved with glycerol content. These results demonstrate the potential of CMC-based bioplastic films as sustainable packaging materials, offering customizable properties and promoting the value-added use of agricultural waste.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-01-12</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unimma.ac.id/mesi/article/view/12789</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.31603/mesi.12789</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025); 5-19</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2798-5245</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unimma.ac.id/mesi/article/view/12789/5576</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Heru Suryanto, Daimon Syukri, Anni Faridah, Uun Yanuhar, Joseph Selvi Binoj, Fajar Nusantara, Komarudin Komarudin, Ulfieda Anwar Ulhaq</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>