Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from pennisetum purpureum (PP) fibers via ammonium persulfate oxidation method

Pasha, Muhammad Faizullah; Andoko, Andoko; Darmawan, Muhammad Wahid; Nabillah, Fina Nur; Prasetya, Riduwan; Mustapa, Mohammad Sukri Bin

doi:10.31603/mesi.13595

Jurnal SINTA 1

Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from pennisetum purpureum (PP) fibers via ammonium persulfate oxidation method

Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry · Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 413–424

DOI: 10.31603/mesi.13595
ISSN: 2798-5245
Terbit: 2025-12-28
Penerbit: Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang
Bahasa: en

Abstrak

The growing demand for sustainable and high-performance materials emphasizes the need for more efficient production methods for cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Traditional CNC synthesis, however, often requires significant energy input and produces harmful by-products, which undermine its environmental and economic viability. In response to this challenge, this study explores the use of an eco-friendly ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation method to produce CNCs from Pennisetum purpureum fibers. The findings reveal that CNCs synthesized at a temperature of 60 °C exhibited the highest crystallinity index (72.62%), optimal surface functionalization, and exceptional mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 18.44 MPa.The structural, chemical, and mechanical properties of the CNCs were comprehensively evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and tensile strength testing. These results highlight the effectiveness of APS oxidation in producing high-quality CNCs from readily available agricultural biomass. By utilizing a sustainable approach, this research not only advances the production of eco-friendly materials but also demonstrates the potential for agricultural waste to be repurposed in nanotechnology applications. The study thus makes a significant contribution to sustainable material science, providing insights into improving CNCs production while minimizing environmental impact, ultimately supporting the transition towards a more sustainable and circular economy.

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State University of Malang
Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia
University of Brawijaya
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Rekan penulis	Organisasi	Artikel bersama
Muhamad Rizky Akbar	State University of Malang	4
Poppy Puspitasari	State University of Malang	4
Imam Muda Nauri	State University of Malang	4
Aminnudin Aminnudin	State University of Malang	2
Syafira Bilqis Khoyroh	State University of Malang	2
Maykel Manawan	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Femiana Gapsari	University of Brawijaya	1
Heru Suryanto	State University of Malang	1
Rifqi Ryandi Dwi Ananto	State University of Malang	1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/mesi/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.

Metadata asli (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from pennisetum purpureum (PP) fibers via ammonium persulfate oxidation method</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pasha, Muhammad Faizullah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Andoko, Andoko</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Darmawan, Muhammad Wahid</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nabillah, Fina Nur</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Prasetya, Riduwan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mustapa, Mohammad Sukri Bin</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pennisetum purpureum (PP)</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ammonium persulfate oxidation (APS)</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Sustainable materials</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The growing demand for sustainable and high-performance materials emphasizes the need for more efficient production methods for cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Traditional CNC synthesis, however, often requires significant energy input and produces harmful by-products, which undermine its environmental and economic viability. In response to this challenge, this study explores the use of an eco-friendly ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation method to produce CNCs from Pennisetum purpureum fibers. The findings reveal that CNCs synthesized at a temperature of 60 °C exhibited the highest crystallinity index (72.62%), optimal surface functionalization, and exceptional mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 18.44 MPa.The structural, chemical, and mechanical properties of the CNCs were comprehensively evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and tensile strength testing. These results highlight the effectiveness of APS oxidation in producing high-quality CNCs from readily available agricultural biomass. By utilizing a sustainable approach, this research not only advances the production of eco-friendly materials but also demonstrates the potential for agricultural waste to be repurposed in nanotechnology applications. The study thus makes a significant contribution to sustainable material science, providing insights into improving CNCs production while minimizing environmental impact, ultimately supporting the transition towards a more sustainable and circular economy.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unimma.ac.id/mesi/article/view/13595</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.31603/mesi.13595</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025); 413-424</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2798-5245</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unimma.ac.id/mesi/article/view/13595/6418</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Faizullah Pasha, Andoko Andoko, Muhammad Wahid Darmawan, Fina Nur Nabillah, Riduwan Prasetya, Mohammad Sukri Bin Mustapa</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>