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Development and viscosity modeling of silicone oil/EG–water (10:90) hybrid fluids for heat transfer applications

Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry · Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)

DOI
10.31603/mesi.15532
ISSN
2798-5245
Terbit
2026-09-16
Penerbit
Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang
Bahasa
en
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstrak

Accurate characterization of viscosity behavior is essential for the design of advanced heat-transfer fluids, particularly hybrid emulsions involving immiscible polar and non-polar phases. However, the rheological behavior and molecular interactions of silicone oil/ethylene glycol (EG)–water emulsions stabilized with surfactants remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study experimentally investigates the temperature-dependent viscosity and molecular characteristics of low-viscosity Silicone Oil PMX-200 dispersed in an EG–water (10:90 v/v) base fluid stabilized with Tween 80 over a temperature range of 30–70 °C. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to evaluate molecular interactions and emulsion stability, while viscosity measurements were performed using a calibrated rotational rheometer under controlled thermal conditions. FTIR analysis confirmed characteristic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) absorption bands associated with C–H, Si–CH₃, and Si–O–Si vibrations. The attenuation of Si–O–Si intensity and the appearance of broad O–H stretching bands indicated enhanced interfacial interactions between the hydrophobic silicone-oil phase and the polar EG–water medium, confirming successful emulsification by Tween 80. Rheological measurements showed that viscosity decreased significantly with increasing temperature, from 6.2 mPa·s at 30 °C to 4.2 mPa·s at 70 °C. The emulsions exhibited nearly Newtonian behavior with flow behavior indices close to unity (n ≈ 1), indicating minimal shear-rate dependence within the investigated range. The viscosity–temperature relationship followed Arrhenius-type behavior, with activation energies decreasing from 8.93 kJ·mol⁻¹ for SO‒50 to 4.86 kJ·mol⁻¹ for SO‒10, indicating enhanced molecular mobility at lower silicone-oil concentrations. Experimental deviations remained below 2% compared with literature data, confirming measurement reliability. The novelty of this work lies in integrating FTIR molecular characterization, rheological validation, and Arrhenius-based viscosity modeling for silicone oil/EG–water emulsions. The proposed correlation provides reliable viscosity prediction for thermal-fluid design and CFD-based heat-transfer simulations.

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  • Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Wastukancana
  • Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang
  • Bandung Institute of Technology
  • Padjadjaran University
  • Universiti Teknologi Brunei
  • Indonesian Institute of Sciences
  • University of Kuala Lumpur
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Khoirudin KhoirudinUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang5
Sukarman SukarmanSekolah Tinggi Teknologi Wastukancana4
Dede Ardi RajabSekolah Tinggi Teknologi Wastukancana3
Sukarman SukarmanUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang3
Nana RahdianaUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang3
Choirul AnwarSekolah Tinggi Teknologi Wastukancana2
Yulfian AminandaUniversiti Teknologi Brunei2
Jatira JatiraSekolah Tinggi Teknologi Wastukancana1
Rohman RohmanSekolah Tinggi Teknologi Wastukancana1
Muhammad Ali AkbarSekolah Tinggi Teknologi Wastukancana1
Mardiyati MardiyatiBandung Institute of Technology1
Bambang WidyantoBandung Institute of Technology1
Iman RahayuPadjadjaran University1
Sahrul HidayatPadjadjaran University1
Joddy Arya LaksmonoIndonesian Institute of Sciences1
Amin RaisSekolah Tinggi Teknologi Wastukancana1
Aries AbbasUniversity of Kuala Lumpur1
Murtalim MurtalimUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang1
Fathan Mubina DewadiUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/mesi/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Development and viscosity modeling of silicone oil/EG–water (10:90) hybrid fluids for heat transfer applications</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Abdulah, Amri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Shieddieque, Apang Djafar</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Khoirudin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sukarman</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ethylene glycol</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Heat transfer fluids</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rheological behaviour</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Silicone oil PMX-200</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Viscosity</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Accurate characterization of viscosity behavior is essential for the design of advanced heat-transfer fluids, particularly hybrid emulsions involving immiscible polar and non-polar phases. However, the rheological behavior and molecular interactions of silicone oil/ethylene glycol (EG)–water emulsions stabilized with surfactants remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study experimentally investigates the temperature-dependent viscosity and molecular characteristics of low-viscosity Silicone Oil PMX-200 dispersed in an EG–water (10:90 v/v) base fluid stabilized with Tween 80 over a temperature range of 30–70 °C. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to evaluate molecular interactions and emulsion stability, while viscosity measurements were performed using a calibrated rotational rheometer under controlled thermal conditions. FTIR analysis confirmed characteristic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) absorption bands associated with C–H, Si–CH₃, and Si–O–Si vibrations. The attenuation of Si–O–Si intensity and the appearance of broad O–H stretching bands indicated enhanced interfacial interactions between the hydrophobic silicone-oil phase and the polar EG–water medium, confirming successful emulsification by Tween 80. Rheological measurements showed that viscosity decreased significantly with increasing temperature, from 6.2 mPa·s at 30 °C to 4.2 mPa·s at 70 °C. The emulsions exhibited nearly Newtonian behavior with flow behavior indices close to unity (n ≈ 1), indicating minimal shear-rate dependence within the investigated range. The viscosity–temperature relationship followed Arrhenius-type behavior, with activation energies decreasing from 8.93 kJ·mol⁻¹ for SO‒50 to 4.86 kJ·mol⁻¹ for SO‒10, indicating enhanced molecular mobility at lower silicone-oil concentrations. Experimental deviations remained below 2% compared with literature data, confirming measurement reliability. The novelty of this work lies in integrating FTIR molecular characterization, rheological validation, and Arrhenius-based viscosity modeling for silicone oil/EG–water emulsions. The proposed correlation provides reliable viscosity prediction for thermal-fluid design and CFD-based heat-transfer simulations.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-09-16</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unimma.ac.id/mesi/article/view/15532</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.31603/mesi.15532</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Issue in Progress</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2798-5245</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Amri Abdulah, Apang Djafar Shieddieque, Khoirudin, Sukarman</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>