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Effect of Organic Solvents in the Preparation of Single Aged Garlic Transfersomes and Their Phytochemical Activities

Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia · Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 291–300

DOI
10.20884/1.jm.2025.20.2.13310
ISSN
2503-0310, 1907-9761
Terbit
2025-07-24
Penerbit
Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

ABSTRACT. Single Aged Garlic (SAG), a fermented product from a single garlic, has been extensively studied for its health benefits due to its allicin content. To enhance SAG's drug delivery capabilities, this study aimed to characterize transfersome formulations containing SAG, investigating their phytochemical activities and the effects of different absolute solvents. Transfersome formulations, consisting of soy-phospholipid and either Span-60 (T1) or Tween-80 (T2), were prepared using absolute ethanol (EA) or a chloroform-methanol mixture (CM). Characterization included particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Phytochemical tests assessed antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content. Results showed that T2-CM formulations exhibited the best PDI (0.372 ± 0.022), smallest particle size (T1-CM: 84.333 ± 1.762 nm), and lowest zeta potential (T2-EA: -25.667 ± 0.666 mV). Additionally, T1-CM and T2-CM formulations demonstrated superior antioxidant, flavonoid, and phenolic content compared to T1-EA and T2-EA. Transfersomes formulated with organic solvents like absolute ethanol, methanol, and chloroform exhibit promising characteristics and can effectively protect the antioxidant compounds, flavonoids, and phenols present in SAG extracts. These solvents, known for their ability to dissolve polar and nonpolar compounds, facilitate the formation of stable, well-characterized transfersomes. These findings suggest that transfersomes prepared with chloroform-methanol mixtures are more promising for SAG delivery. Key words: Organic solvents, Phytochemicals, Single aged garlic, Transfersomes

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  • State University of Malang
  • University of Brawijaya
  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • State University of Medan
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Sri Rahayu LestariState University of Malang6
Sunaryono SunaryonoState University of Malang5
Hendra SusantoState University of Malang3
Muhammad Sasmito DjatiUniversity of Brawijaya3
Hidajah RachmawatiUniversitas Muhammadiyah Malang3
R Bg. IrawantoNational Research and Innovation Agency3
Elhah Nailul KhasnaState University of Malang2
Dwi Inne ListyoriniState University of Malang2
Abdul GhofurState University of Medan2
Amalia Nur RahmaState University of Malang2
Siti Imroatul MaslikahState University of Malang2
Dahniar Nur AisyahState University of Malang2
Ikfi Nihayatul MufidahState University of Malang2
Nadiya Dini RifqiState University of Malang2
Nenes PrastitaState University of Malang2
‘Ainun Sayyidah ZakiyahState University of Malang1
I. Kade Karisma Gita ArdanaState University of Malang1
Choirun Nita FikrianiState University of Malang1
Nina Bunga AnggrainiState University of Malang1
Dwita NovitasariState University of Malang1
Sunarmi SunarmiState University of Semarang1
Dyati Galuh PratitaState University of Malang1
Tita Putri MilasariState University of Malang1
Evi SusantiState University of Malang1
Delia Wahyu PangestiState University of Malang1
Annasa SabatiaState University of Malang1
Risa RamadhaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mohammad Saifur RohmanUniversity of Brawijaya1
Tri Yudani Mardining RarasUniversity of Brawijaya1
Alfi TsurayaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Abdul GofurState University of Malang1
Siti Nur ArifahState University of Malang1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jm/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US"> Effect of Organic Solvents in the Preparation of Single Aged Garlic Transfersomes and Their Phytochemical Activities</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Lestari, Sri Rahayu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Gofur, Abdul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rakhmawati, Yunita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Suharti, Suharti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nik Malek, Nik Ahmad Nizam</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Miasih, Dewi Sekar</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Baroroh, Alif Rosyidah El</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Annisa, Yuslinda</dc:creator>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">ABSTRACT. Single Aged Garlic (SAG), a fermented product from a single garlic, has been extensively studied for its health benefits due to its allicin content. To enhance SAG's drug delivery capabilities, this study aimed to characterize transfersome formulations containing SAG, investigating their phytochemical activities and the effects of different absolute solvents. Transfersome formulations, consisting of soy-phospholipid and either Span-60 (T1) or Tween-80 (T2), were prepared using absolute ethanol (EA) or a chloroform-methanol mixture (CM). Characterization included particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Phytochemical tests assessed antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content. Results showed that T2-CM formulations exhibited the best PDI (0.372 ± 0.022), smallest particle size (T1-CM: 84.333 ± 1.762 nm), and lowest zeta potential (T2-EA: -25.667 ± 0.666 mV). Additionally, T1-CM and T2-CM formulations demonstrated superior antioxidant, flavonoid, and phenolic content compared to T1-EA and T2-EA. Transfersomes formulated with organic solvents like absolute ethanol, methanol, and chloroform exhibit promising characteristics and can effectively protect the antioxidant compounds, flavonoids, and phenols present in SAG extracts. These solvents, known for their ability to dissolve polar and nonpolar compounds, facilitate the formation of stable, well-characterized transfersomes. These findings suggest that transfersomes prepared with chloroform-methanol mixtures are more promising for SAG delivery.
&amp;nbsp;
Key words: Organic solvents, Phytochemicals, Single aged garlic, Transfersomes</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Jenderal Soedirman</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-24</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jm/article/view/13310</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20884/1.jm.2025.20.2.13310</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Molekul; Vol 20 No 2 (2025); 291-300</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2503-0310</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1907-9761</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jm/article/view/13310/7165</dc:relation>
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