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The Risk of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Urban and Rural Areas

Nurse Media Journal of Nursing · Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 239–252

DOI
10.14710/nmjn.v15i2.56936
ISSN
2406-8799, 2087-7811
Terbit
2025-08-31
Penerbit
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Background: Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and is closely linked to poor glycemic control. However, little is known about how environmental and lifestyle differences between urban and rural settings affect the risk of DPN.Purpose: This study aimed to identify and compare the risk factors of DPN among T2DM patients living in rural and urban areas.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional design with convenience sampling was used to recruit 156 T2DM patients from both urban (Surabaya) and rural (Lamongan) areas of East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected using the Vascular Quality of Life-6 (VQ-6), Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom (DNS), Diabetic Neuropathy Examination (DNE), and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). Logistic regression was performed for analysis, with a significance level set at p<0.05.Results: The mean age of rural participants was 55.86 (SD=8.4) years, slightly younger than that of urban participants at 57.27 (SD=9.3) years. Urban residents had higher education levels (37.7%), but engaged less in regular physical activity (51.9%). The risks of DPN were significantly higher in rural areas (p<0.05), with key contributing factors including higher ABI (OR=17.07), more diabetic neuropathic symptoms (OR=3.35), multiple diabetes medications (OR=10.27), lower physical activity (OR=0.24), and lower education level (OR=0.25). Of these, ABI was the strongest predictor of DPN risks.Conclusion: Rural T2DM patients are at greater risk of DPN due to vascular and neuropathic complications combined with sociodemographic disadvantages. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and tailored education programs for rural communities to prevent and manage DPN.

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  • Universitas Airlangga
  • University of Malaya
  • University of Mataram
  • King Khalid University
  • Universitas Gresik
  • Universitas Jember
  • Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mitra Keluarga
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Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Yulis Setiya DewiUniversitas Airlangga4
Nursalam NursalamUniversitas Airlangga3
Ika Yuni WidyawatiUniversitas Airlangga3
Hidayat ArifinUniversitas Airlangga3
Kusnanto KusnantoUniversitas Airlangga2
Rifky Octavia PradiptaUniversitas Airlangga2
Lizy Sonia BenjaminKing Khalid University2
Ni Ketut Alit ArminiUniversitas Airlangga2
Erna Dwi WahyuniUniversitas Airlangga2
Abu BakarUniversitas Airlangga2
Makhfudli MakhfudliUniversitas Airlangga2
Dita Dwi OktavUniversitas Airlangga1
Nor Aziyan YahayaUniversity of Malaya1
Lailatun Ni'mahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Merryana AdrianiUniversitas Airlangga1
Nursalam NursalamUniversitas Airlangga1
Laily HidayatiUniversitas Airlangga1
Siti Nur QomariahUniversitas Gresik1
Alfian Nur RosyidUniversitas Airlangga1
Tintin SukartiniUniversitas Airlangga1
Lie Liana FuadiatiUniversitas Airlangga1
Ah YusufUniversitas Airlangga1
Rr Dian TristianaUniversitas Airlangga1
Dianis Wulan SariUniversitas Airlangga1
Raden Endro SulistyonoUniversitas Jember1
Alifa Salsabila AzzahrainUniversitas Airlangga1
Anisa Nur AfifahUniversitas Airlangga1
Erni AstutikUniversitas Airlangga1
Selena Vita AmandaUniversitas Airlangga1
Zayyin DinanaUniversitas Airlangga1
Aussie Tahta MaharaniUniversitas Airlangga1
Noerfitri NoerfitriSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mitra Keluarga1
Rosita RositaUniversitas Airlangga1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/oai, pertama di-harvest 10 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 10 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">The Risk of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Urban and Rural Areas</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Qona'ah, Arina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Pratiwi, Ika Nur</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Pawanis, Zulfayandi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yamani, Laura Navika</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Pratiwi, Eskarani Tri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nursalam, Nursalam</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ramoo, Vimala</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Diabetic neuropathy; health care delivery; rural population; type 2 diabetes mellitus; urban population</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and is closely linked to poor glycemic control. However, little is known about how environmental and lifestyle differences between urban and rural settings affect the risk of DPN.Purpose: This study aimed to identify and compare the risk factors of DPN among T2DM patients living in rural and urban areas.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional design with convenience sampling was used to recruit 156 T2DM patients from both urban (Surabaya) and rural (Lamongan) areas of East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected using the Vascular Quality of Life-6 (VQ-6), Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom (DNS), Diabetic Neuropathy Examination (DNE), and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). Logistic regression was performed for analysis, with a significance level set at p&lt;0.05.Results: The mean age of rural participants was 55.86 (SD=8.4) years, slightly younger than that of urban participants at 57.27 (SD=9.3) years. Urban residents had higher education levels (37.7%), but engaged less in regular physical activity (51.9%). The risks of DPN were significantly higher in rural areas (p&lt;0.05), with key contributing factors including higher ABI (OR=17.07), more diabetic neuropathic symptoms (OR=3.35), multiple diabetes medications (OR=10.27), lower physical activity (OR=0.24), and lower education level (OR=0.25). Of these, ABI was the strongest predictor of DPN risks.Conclusion: Rural T2DM patients are at greater risk of DPN due to vascular and neuropathic complications combined with sociodemographic disadvantages. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and tailored education programs for rural communities to prevent and manage DPN.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-08-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/article/view/56936</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.14710/nmjn.v15i2.56936</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Nurse Media Journal of Nursing; Vol 15, No 2 (2025): (August 2025); 239-252</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2406-8799</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2087-7811</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/article/view/56936/29652</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 by the Authors, Published by Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>