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Experiences of People Living with HIV and Tuberculosis amid Fear, Guilt, and Silence: A Qualitative Study

Nurse Media Journal of Nursing · Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 135–151

DOI
10.14710/nmjn.v16i1.79237
ISSN
2406-8799, 2087-7811
Terbit
2026-04-30
Penerbit
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Background: People living with HIV–TB (PLHIV–TB) continue to experience persistent stigma, fear, guilt, and silence that shape their psychosocial wellbeing and social interactions. HIV–TB represents a double burden that intensifies stigma and moral judgment, particularly within sociocultural and religious contexts. However, the lived experiences of PLHIV–TB in Indonesia remain insufficiently explored, despite the country’s unique cultural and religious dynamics. Understanding these contextualized experiences is essential for strengthening holistic, culturally responsive, and stigma-sensitive HIV–TB care.Purpose: This study aimed to explore experiences of PLHIV-TB amid fear, guilt, and silence within the Indonesian sociocultural context.Methods: A descriptive phenomenological design was employed, with 20 PLHIV-TB purposively selected from Lampung, Palembang, Depok, and Yogyakarta between January and June 2025. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews lasting 45–70 minutes and analyzed using NVivo software with Colaizzi’s method. Trustworthiness was ensured through member checking, peer debriefing, and reflexivity.Results: Six themes captured the essence of participants’ experiences: (1) living under constant fear of exposure, (2) choosing silence as protection, (3) bearing the weight of guilt and moral judgment, (4) loneliness amid social disconnection, (5) struggling with faith and moral reconciliation, and (6) searching for meaning and self-acceptance. Participants’ narratives revealed a transformation from concealment and shame toward spiritual reconciliation and dignity through emotional and faith-based resilience.Conclusion: The lived experiences of people living with HIV–TB in Indonesia are shaped by intertwined dynamics of fear, guilt, and silence within a context of pervasive stigma. At the same time, some individuals demonstrate adaptive processes that reflect a complex journey from suffering to meaning-making and self-acceptance. These findings underscore the need for stigma-sensitive, psychosocial, and spiritually informed interventions to support holistic HIV–TB care.

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  • University of Indonesia
  • Institut Teknologi dan Kesehatan Bali
  • Sriwijaya University
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Sint Carolus
  • Aisyah University
  • Diponegoro University
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Lestari SukmariniUniversity of Indonesia5
Sri YonaUniversity of Indonesia4
Wiwin WiarsihUniversity of Indonesia3
Etty RekawatiUniversity of Indonesia3
Elly NurachmahUniversity of Indonesia3
Rosakawati RosakawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Krisna YettiUniversity of Indonesia2
Edianto EdiantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ina MartianaUniversitas dr. Soebandi2
Muhamad JauharUniversitas Muhammadiyah Kudus2
I Made KariasaUniversity of Indonesia2
Ratna SitorusUniversity of Indonesia2
Ratu Ayu Dewi SartikaUniversity of Indonesia2
Prateek GuptaLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine2
Junaiti SaharUniversity of Indonesia2
Kristina LisumSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Sint Carolus2
Jesika PasaribuSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Sint Carolus2
Hasmi HasmiUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Usman Barus OhorellaPoltekkes Kemenkes Maluku1
Akbar NurUniversity of Indonesia1
Ni Luh Putu Inca Buntari AgustiniInstitut Teknologi dan Kesehatan Bali1
Israfil IsrafilInstitut Teknologi dan Kesehatan Bali1
I Gede Putu Darma SuyasaInstitut Teknologi dan Kesehatan Bali1
Sartika SartikaUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Rohayati RohayatiSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mitra Keluarga1
Sukemi SukemiSriwijaya University1
Gabriel Ekoputra Hartono CahyadiSriwijaya University1
Samsuryadi SamsuryadiSriwijaya University1
Noor DianiLambung Mangkurat University1
Mustikasari MustikasariUniversity of Indonesia1
Achir Yani S. HamidUniversity of Indonesia1
Endang PurwaningsihYarsi University1
Rostiani DewiUniversity of Indonesia1
Prima Agustia NovaUniversity of Indonesia1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/oai, pertama di-harvest 10 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 10 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Experiences of People Living with HIV and Tuberculosis amid Fear, Guilt, and Silence: A Qualitative Study</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Amirudin, Ikhwan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Waluyo, Agung</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sujianto, Untung</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Akbar, M Agung</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nursasi, Astuti Yuni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ayubi, Dian</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">HIV–TB coinfection; Indonesia; lived experience; self-acceptance; stigma; qualitative research</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: People living with HIV–TB (PLHIV–TB) continue to experience persistent stigma, fear, guilt, and silence that shape their psychosocial wellbeing and social interactions. HIV–TB represents a double burden that intensifies stigma and moral judgment, particularly within sociocultural and religious contexts. However, the lived experiences of PLHIV–TB in Indonesia remain insufficiently explored, despite the country’s unique cultural and religious dynamics. Understanding these contextualized experiences is essential for strengthening holistic, culturally responsive, and stigma-sensitive HIV–TB care.Purpose: This study aimed to explore experiences of PLHIV-TB amid fear, guilt, and silence within the Indonesian sociocultural context.Methods: A descriptive phenomenological design was employed, with 20 PLHIV-TB purposively selected from Lampung, Palembang, Depok, and Yogyakarta between January and June 2025. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews lasting 45–70 minutes and analyzed using NVivo software with Colaizzi’s method. Trustworthiness was ensured through member checking, peer debriefing, and reflexivity.Results: Six themes captured the essence of participants’ experiences: (1) living under constant fear of exposure, (2) choosing silence as protection, (3) bearing the weight of guilt and moral judgment, (4) loneliness amid social disconnection, (5) struggling with faith and moral reconciliation, and (6) searching for meaning and self-acceptance. Participants’ narratives revealed a transformation from concealment and shame toward spiritual reconciliation and dignity through emotional and faith-based resilience.Conclusion: The lived experiences of people living with HIV–TB in Indonesia are shaped by intertwined dynamics of fear, guilt, and silence within a context of pervasive stigma. At the same time, some individuals demonstrate adaptive processes that reflect a complex journey from suffering to meaning-making and self-acceptance. These findings underscore the need for stigma-sensitive, psychosocial, and spiritually informed interventions to support holistic HIV–TB care.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/article/view/79237</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.14710/nmjn.v16i1.79237</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Nurse Media Journal of Nursing; Vol 16, No 1 (2026): (April 2026); 135–151</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2406-8799</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2087-7811</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/article/view/79237/30482</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 by the Authors, Published by Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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