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A Pilot Study on Diabetes Distress, Insulin Growth Factor-I, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3, and HbA1c in Diabetic Patients

Nurse Media Journal of Nursing · Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 19–29

DOI
10.14710/nmjn.v15i1.58052
ISSN
2406-8799, 2087-7811
Terbit
2025-04-30
Penerbit
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Background: Diabetes distress refers to the emotional and psychological burden experienced by individuals in managing their condition, which can influence physiological outcomes and overall well-being. However, the relationship between HbA1c, insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) with diabetes distress in diabetic patients remains elusive.Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and HbA1c with diabetes distress in diabetic patients.Methods: A cross-sectional design with purposive sampling was used to recruit subjects from the public health center in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, from May to November 2021. A total of 30 diabetic patients were recruited for the study. Distress data were collected using the Indonesian version of the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) questionnaire. HbA1c levels were measured using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were measured using the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit method. The data were analyzed using regression analysis.Results: Most respondents had moderate distress, with a DDS score of 53.4%, a high IGF-I level of 76.7%, and a low IGFBP-3 level of 76.7%. As many as 60% of respondents had an HbA1c level above 6.4%. IGF-I (ρ-value=0.024) and IGFBP-3 levels (ρ-value=0.042) showed a significant correlation with diabetes distress. However, HbA1c levels did not significantly correlate with diabetes distress (ρ-value=0.155).Conclusion: IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels were associated with diabetes distress, but HbA1c was not. Patients with higher distress were found to have elevated serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3. Future research should focus on stress management strategies that support efforts to prevent disease and complications associated with diabetes mellitus.

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  • National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science
  • Hasanuddin University
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang
  • Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Karya Kesehatan
  • Taipei Medical University
  • Fu Jen Catholic University
  • Poltekkes Kemenkes Maluku
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Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Yeu‐Hui ChuangTaipei Medical University2
Kuo‐Cheng LuFu Jen Catholic University2
Kadek Ayu ErikaHasanuddin University2
Lisa FauziaInstitut Nani Hasanuddin2
Mona Meylinda SariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Silvia MalasariHasanuddin University1
Narmawan NurmawanSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Karya Kesehatan1
Ida DjafarPoltekkes Kemenkes Maluku1
Hasnani HakimAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Harmiati SyafrilAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Syahrul NingratHasanuddin University1
Wahyu Krisna HidayatSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
Irna MegawatyHasanuddin University1
Rosyidah ArafatHasanuddin University1
Yohanis LeftaHasanuddin University1
Wahyuni HarsulHasanuddin University1
Abdul MajidAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Eva Berthy TallutondokNational Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science1
Chia‐Jung HsiehNational Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science1
Ya‐Ling ShihNational Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science1
Edy SoesantoUniversitas Muhammadiyah Semarang1
Arief YantoUniversitas Muhammadiyah Semarang1
Ninin IraniPrimary Health Care1
Sri Tanjung RejekiUniversitas Muhammadiyah Semarang1
Priyo SasmitoUniversitas Medika Suherman1
Jufri HidayatNational Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science1
Miao‐Yen ChenNational Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science1
Shu-Fang Vivienne WuAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Shu-Yuan LiangNational Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science1
Difran Nobel BistaraUniversitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya1
Tsae-Jyy Tiffany WangNational Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science1
Aric VranadaUniversitas Muhammadiyah Semarang1
Shu‐Fang Vivienne WuNational Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science1
Tsae-Jyy Tiffany WangNational Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science1
Shu‐Yuan LiangNational Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/oai, pertama di-harvest 10 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 10 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">A Pilot Study on Diabetes Distress, Insulin Growth Factor-I, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3, and HbA1c in Diabetic Patients</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Tahiruddin, Tahiruddin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Indriastuti, Diah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Syahrul, Syahrul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Irwan, Andi Masyitha</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Pranata, Satriya</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Diabetes; HbA1c; IGF-I; IGFBP-3</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: Diabetes distress refers to the emotional and psychological burden experienced by individuals in managing their condition, which can influence physiological outcomes and overall well-being. However, the relationship between HbA1c, insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) with diabetes distress in diabetic patients remains elusive.Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and HbA1c with diabetes distress in diabetic patients.Methods: A cross-sectional design with purposive sampling was used to recruit subjects from the public health center in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, from May to November 2021. A total of 30 diabetic patients were recruited for the study. Distress data were collected using the Indonesian version of the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) questionnaire. HbA1c levels were measured using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were measured using the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit method. The data were analyzed using regression analysis.Results: Most respondents had moderate distress, with a DDS score of 53.4%, a high IGF-I level of 76.7%, and a low IGFBP-3 level of 76.7%. As many as 60% of respondents had an HbA1c level above 6.4%. IGF-I (ρ-value=0.024) and IGFBP-3 levels (ρ-value=0.042) showed a significant correlation with diabetes distress. However, HbA1c levels did not significantly correlate with diabetes distress (ρ-value=0.155).Conclusion: IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels were associated with diabetes distress, but HbA1c was not. Patients with higher distress were found to have elevated serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3. Future research should focus on stress management strategies that support efforts to prevent disease and complications associated with diabetes mellitus.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/article/view/58052</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.14710/nmjn.v15i1.58052</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Nurse Media Journal of Nursing; Vol 15, No 1 (2025): (April 2025); 19-29</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2406-8799</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2087-7811</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/article/view/58052/28848</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 by the Authors, Published by Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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