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Anxiety among Nurses in East Java Indonesia: A Comparative Study between Nurses Working in Primary Health Centers and Hospitals

Nurse Media Journal of Nursing · Vol. 16 No. 2 (2026) · hlm. 334–346

DOI
10.14710/nmjn.v16i2.78565
ISSN
2406-8799, 2087-7811
Terbit
2026-08-31
Penerbit
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Background: Nurses face considerable psychosocial demands that may contribute to anxiety symptoms. Workplace settings and work schedules, particularly shift work, may contribute to these symptoms. However, evidence comparing anxiety symptoms across healthcare settings and examining associated demographic and occupational factors among nurses in Indonesia remains limited. Purpose: This study examined anxiety symptoms among nurses working in primary health centers (PHCs) and hospitals in East Java, Indonesia, and identified associated demographic and occupational factors.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 315 nurses working in PHCs and hospitals in East Java, Indonesia. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics and the prevalence of anxiety symptoms. The Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test were used to assess differences in demographic and occupational characteristics and to examine associations with anxiety symptoms.Results: Of the 315 nurses, 72.1% worked shifts. Participant characteristics differed significantly across workplace settings by age (p = 0.002), years of experience (p = 0.001), city (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.003), income (p = 0.038), and work schedule (shift vs. non-shift; p = 0.001). Anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥ 7) were significantly associated with age (p = 0.001), work experience (p = 0.008), marital status (p = 0.001), and work schedule (p = 0.006). Hospital nurses had higher odds of anxiety symptoms than PHC nurses (OR = 4.842; p = 0.010). Shift work was also associated with higher odds of anxiety symptoms than non-shift work (OR = 6.801).Conclusion: Hospital employment and shift work were associated with anxiety symptoms among nurses, along with demographic factors such as younger age, shorter work experience, and unmarried status. These findings highlight the importance of targeted anxiety screening and suggest potential benefits of workplace interventions, including shift management and psychosocial support, particularly for hospital nurses.

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  • University of Brawijaya
  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Universitas Jember
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
  • University of Indonesia
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  • Organisasi berbeda
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Solimun SolimunUniversity of Brawijaya8
Satrio Agung WicaksonoUniversity of Brawijaya8
Ah YusufUniversitas Airlangga6
Dewi RokhmahAfiliasi tidak diketahui6
Atiek IrianyUniversity of Brawijaya5
Mustikasari MustikasariAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Herni SusantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Ridhoyanti HidayahAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Nursalam NursalamAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Rismawan Adi YunantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Amin Aji BudimanAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Ahsan AhsanUniversity of Brawijaya3
Tuti NurainiAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Dewi GayatriAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Ice Yulia WardaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Purwaningsih PurwaningsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
RR Dian TristianaAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Hanifa SepriadiUniversity of Brawijaya2
Suci AstutikUniversity of Brawijaya2
Ratna YuniatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Stefanus SupriyantoUniversitas Airlangga2
Febri Endra Budi SetyawanUniversitas Muhammadiyah Malang2
Sutanto Priyo HastonoUniversity of Indonesia2
Ria Utami PanjaitanAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Budiharto BudihartoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Widyatuti WidyatutiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
R Endro SulistyonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Hanny RasniAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Latifa Aini SusumaningrumAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ira RahmawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Yossie Susanti Eka PutriAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
SolimunAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/oai, pertama di-harvest 10 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 10 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Anxiety among Nurses in East Java Indonesia: A Comparative Study between Nurses Working in Primary Health Centers and Hospitals</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Windarwati, Heni Dwi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Susanto, Tantut</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Keliat, Budi Anna</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nihayati, Hanik Endang</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Lestari, Retno</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Fernandes, Adji Achmad Rinaldo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ati, Niken Asih Laras</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kusumawati, Mira Wahyu</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Anxiety; hospital; nurses; primary health center; shift work</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: Nurses face considerable psychosocial demands that may contribute to anxiety symptoms. Workplace settings and work schedules, particularly shift work, may contribute to these symptoms. However, evidence comparing anxiety symptoms across healthcare settings and examining associated demographic and occupational factors among nurses in Indonesia remains limited. Purpose: This study examined anxiety symptoms among nurses working in primary health centers (PHCs) and hospitals in East Java, Indonesia, and identified associated demographic and occupational factors.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 315 nurses working in PHCs and hospitals in East Java, Indonesia. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics and the prevalence of anxiety symptoms. The Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test were used to assess differences in demographic and occupational characteristics and to examine associations with anxiety symptoms.Results: Of the 315 nurses, 72.1% worked shifts. Participant characteristics differed significantly across workplace settings by age (p = 0.002), years of experience (p = 0.001), city (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.003), income (p = 0.038), and work schedule (shift vs. non-shift; p = 0.001). Anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥ 7) were significantly associated with age (p = 0.001), work experience (p = 0.008), marital status (p = 0.001), and work schedule (p = 0.006). Hospital nurses had higher odds of anxiety symptoms than PHC nurses (OR = 4.842; p = 0.010). Shift work was also associated with higher odds of anxiety symptoms than non-shift work (OR = 6.801).Conclusion: Hospital employment and shift work were associated with anxiety symptoms among nurses, along with demographic factors such as younger age, shorter work experience, and unmarried status. These findings highlight the importance of targeted anxiety screening and suggest potential benefits of workplace interventions, including shift management and psychosocial support, particularly for hospital nurses. </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-08-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US"></dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/article/view/78565</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.14710/nmjn.v16i2.78565</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Nurse Media Journal of Nursing; Vol 16, No 2 (2026): (August 2026) [In Progress]; 334–346</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2406-8799</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2087-7811</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/article/view/78565/33430</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/article/downloadSuppFile/78565/22188</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 by the Authors, Published by Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>