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Sleep Quality and Its Associated Factors in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies

Nurse Media Journal of Nursing · Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025) · hlm. 406–422

DOI
10.14710/nmjn.v15i3.72365
ISSN
2406-8799, 2087-7811
Terbit
2025-12-31
Penerbit
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Background: Sleep quality is essential for overall health and well-being, particularly in older adults who are at increased risk of sleep disturbances such as insomnia and sleep apnea. Poor sleep is associated with declines in physical, cognitive, and emotional functioning in aging populations. However, existing reviews often focus on single domains, limiting understanding of how multiple factors are jointly associated with sleep quality in older adults.Purpose: This systematic review aimed to synthesize cross-sectional evidence on factors associated with sleep quality in older adults.Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and BioMed Central (BMC) using combinations of the following terms: (“sleep quality” OR “sleep disturbances”) AND (“older adults” OR “elderly”) AND (“factors” OR “determinants”) AND (“cross-sectional”). Articles published between January 2020 and April 2025 were included. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and study quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Data were synthesized narratively by grouping findings into key domains influencing sleep quality.Results: Nineteen cross-sectional studies were included. Sleep quality, most commonly measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), varied widely across studies (6%–79% poor sleep). The synthesis identified six domains of factors associated with sleep quality: gender-related differences, physiological factors, psychological factors, medical comorbidities, social-environmental conditions, and lifestyle factors. Frequently reported factors associated with poor sleep included female gender, frailty, depression, anxiety, multimorbidity, and low social support. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in study populations and measurement approaches.Conclusion: Evidence from cross-sectional studies indicates multiple interacting factors are associated with sleep quality in older adults; however, causal relationships cannot be established. Longitudinal research is needed to clarify these associations and support the development of integrated care strategies.

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  • University of Brawijaya
  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
  • Universitas Jember
  • Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Indramayu
  • Assumption University
  • Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Febri Endra Budi SetyawanUniversitas Muhammadiyah Malang4
Ahsan AhsanUniversity of Brawijaya4
Stefanus SupriyantoUniversitas Airlangga2
Ridhoyanti HidayahUniversity of Brawijaya2
Satrio Agung WicaksonoUniversity of Brawijaya2
Mira Wahyu KusumawatiUniversity of Brawijaya2
Heni Dwi WindarwatiUniversity of Brawijaya2
Niken Asih Laras AtiUniversitas Jember2
Kumboyono KumboyonoUniversity of Brawijaya2
Lilik ZuhriyahUniversity of Brawijaya2
Ah YusufUniversitas Airlangga1
Rachmat HargonoUniversitas Airlangga1
Ernawaty ErnawatyUniversitas Airlangga1
Fitri AnitaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Tony SuharsonoUniversity of Brawijaya1
Amin Aji BudimanUniversity of Brawijaya1
Laily YuliatunUniversity of Brawijaya1
Feny TunjungsariUniversitas Muhammadiyah Malang1
Wa Ode Nurlaily HanifatyUniversitas Muhammadiyah Malang1
Dewi ArianiUniversity of Brawijaya1
Nur HidayatUniversity of Brawijaya1
Masruroh RahayuUniversity of Brawijaya1
Wenny Nugrahati CarsitaSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Indramayu1
Ahmad Afif SupiantoUniversity of Brawijaya1
Dewa Ayu Anggi GharbelasariUniversity of Brawijaya1
Ridwan SofianUniversity of Brawijaya1
Phat PrapawicharAssumption University1
Luthfia DytaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Desi SusantiUniversity of Brawijaya1
Shofi Khaqul IlmyUniversitas Pendidikan Ganesha1
Ari Dwi SulaksonoUniversity of Brawijaya1
Wendy M CrossMonash University1
Dian Pitaloka PriasmoroInstitut Teknologi, Sains, dan Kesehatan RS.DR. Soepraoen Kesdam V/BRW1
Ah. YusufUniversitas Airlangga1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/oai, pertama di-harvest 10 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 10 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Sleep Quality and Its Associated Factors in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Sari, Indah Permata</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hariyanti, Tita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Lestari, Retno</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Dradjat, Respati Suryanto</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Multidimensional factors; older adults; sleep quality; systematic review</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: Sleep quality is essential for overall health and well-being, particularly in older adults who are at increased risk of sleep disturbances such as insomnia and sleep apnea. Poor sleep is associated with declines in physical, cognitive, and emotional functioning in aging populations. However, existing reviews often focus on single domains, limiting understanding of how multiple factors are jointly associated with sleep quality in older adults.Purpose: This systematic review aimed to synthesize cross-sectional evidence on factors associated with sleep quality in older adults.Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and BioMed Central (BMC) using combinations of the following terms: (“sleep quality” OR “sleep disturbances”) AND (“older adults” OR “elderly”) AND (“factors” OR “determinants”) AND (“cross-sectional”). Articles published between January 2020 and April 2025 were included. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and study quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Data were synthesized narratively by grouping findings into key domains influencing sleep quality.Results: Nineteen cross-sectional studies were included. Sleep quality, most commonly measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), varied widely across studies (6%–79% poor sleep). The synthesis identified six domains of factors associated with sleep quality: gender-related differences, physiological factors, psychological factors, medical comorbidities, social-environmental conditions, and lifestyle factors. Frequently reported factors associated with poor sleep included female gender, frailty, depression, anxiety, multimorbidity, and low social support. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in study populations and measurement approaches.Conclusion: Evidence from cross-sectional studies indicates multiple interacting factors are associated with sleep quality in older adults; however, causal relationships cannot be established. Longitudinal research is needed to clarify these associations and support the development of integrated care strategies.  </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/article/view/72365</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.14710/nmjn.v15i3.72365</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Nurse Media Journal of Nursing; Vol 15, No 3 (2025): (December 2025); 406-422</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2406-8799</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2087-7811</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/article/view/72365/30127</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 by the Authors, Published by Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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