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Amplitude Versus Frequency (AVF) as an Alternative Method for Detecting Gas Presence in Carbonate Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Baturaja Formation, South Sumatra Basin

Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas · Vol. 49 No. 3 (2026) · hlm. 647–666

DOI
10.29017/scog.v49i3.2122
ISSN
2541-0520, 2089-3361
Terbit
2026-09-30
Penerbit
Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Accurate characterization of heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs remains challenging because conventional amplitude-based seismic methods may be affected by complex lithology, pore systems, and fractures. This study evaluates the application of Amplitude Versus Frequency (AVF) integrated with Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to identify hydrocarbon-bearing zones in the Baturaja Formation, South Sumatra Basin. The analysis uses 3D Post Stack Time Migration (PSTM) seismic data integrated with well-log, checkshot, and marker data from three wells (B1, N1, and N2). Well-to-seismic tie analysis yielded correlation coefficients of 0.702, 0.638, and 0.805, respectively, confirming reliable seismic–well integration. CWT spectral decomposition was performed over a frequency range of 10–70 Hz, followed by AVF analysis to evaluate frequency-dependent amplitude attenuation. The results show dominant low-frequency anomalies and predominantly negative AVF gradients within the target interval, indicating attenuation of high-frequency seismic energy. These responses are consistent with low water saturation and low gamma-ray values observed in the wells, supporting their interpretation as gas-bearing carbonate reservoir zones. AVF horizon slicing further reveals laterally continuous anomalies concentrated in the eastern to northeastern part of the study area. The results demonstrate that CWT-based AVF provides complementary frequency-dependent information for hydrocarbon identification and reservoir delineation, offering a useful approach for reducing interpretation uncertainty in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, its application to the Baturaja Formation remains limited, highlighting the contribution of this study to frequency-based carbonate reservoir characterization.

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  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Edi SanjayaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Bustanol ArifinUniversitas Muhammadiyah Malang1
Ichsan Ansory AMUniversitas Muhammadiyah Malang1
Dede Retno Roby SugiartoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mohd. ArifullahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hermanto HarunAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nural FaizahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Widi AtmokoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hakim Afif PutraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
SuwondoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad NafianAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fadhlur RahmanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.lemigas.esdm.go.id/index.php/SCOG/oai, pertama di-harvest 10 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 10 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Amplitude Versus Frequency (AVF) as an Alternative Method for Detecting Gas Presence in Carbonate Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Baturaja Formation, South Sumatra Basin</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zera, Tati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ulum, Bahrul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Riyadi, Praditiyo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Lubis, Jarea Yurika</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Amplitude Versus Frequency (AVF)</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT)</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">reservoir characterization</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">hydrocarbon identification</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Baturaja Formation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">South Sumatra Basin</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Accurate characterization of heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs remains challenging because conventional amplitude-based seismic methods may be affected by complex lithology, pore systems, and fractures. This study evaluates the application of Amplitude Versus Frequency (AVF) integrated with Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to identify hydrocarbon-bearing zones in the Baturaja Formation, South Sumatra Basin. The analysis uses 3D Post Stack Time Migration (PSTM) seismic data integrated with well-log, checkshot, and marker data from three wells (B1, N1, and N2). Well-to-seismic tie analysis yielded correlation coefficients of 0.702, 0.638, and 0.805, respectively, confirming reliable seismic–well integration. CWT spectral decomposition was performed over a frequency range of 10–70 Hz, followed by AVF analysis to evaluate frequency-dependent amplitude attenuation. The results show dominant low-frequency anomalies and predominantly negative AVF gradients within the target interval, indicating attenuation of high-frequency seismic energy. These responses are consistent with low water saturation and low gamma-ray values observed in the wells, supporting their interpretation as gas-bearing carbonate reservoir zones. AVF horizon slicing further reveals laterally continuous anomalies concentrated in the eastern to northeastern part of the study area. The results demonstrate that CWT-based AVF provides complementary frequency-dependent information for hydrocarbon identification and reservoir delineation, offering a useful approach for reducing interpretation uncertainty in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, its application to the Baturaja Formation remains limited, highlighting the contribution of this study to frequency-based carbonate reservoir characterization.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-09-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.lemigas.esdm.go.id/index.php/SCOG/article/view/2122</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.29017/scog.v49i3.2122</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas; Vol. 49 No. 3 (2026); 647-666</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id">Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas; Vol 49 No 3 (2026); 647-666</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2541-0520</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2089-3361</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.lemigas.esdm.go.id/index.php/SCOG/article/view/2122/1788</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Copyright by Authors. Published by LEMIGAS</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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