Dynamics of Different Religious Inheritance Decisions: The Case Study of the Religious Court Judges Ijtihad

Abstrak

Inggris

This paper discusses the dynamics of inheritance rulings between different religions. The issue that the paper seeks to reveal is how the attitude and ijtihad strategy of judges in the religious judicial system resolve inheritance disputes between different religions. Methodologically, this study is a combination of normative and empirical legal research (applied law research). Data was collected by reviewing the decision of the Klaten Religious Court Number: 0584/Pdt.G/2018/PA.Klt. and the decision of the Kabanjahe Religious Court Number: 2/Pdt.G/2011/PA-Kbj. as well as conducting interviews with several judges. The results obtained show that in resolving disputes over inheritance between different religions, judges in the religious court system act proportionally and professionally. In addition, the judges also have ijtihad strategies so that the legal decisions made can provide values of justice and legal certainty. First, the judge finds legal facts that are proven to be true through the law of evidence in court. Second, the judge determines the appropriate legal basis according to the case he is examining. Third, the judge gives a legal decision on the case he is examining. With this attitude and strategy of the judge, non-Muslim heirs are given a legal alternative in the form of a wasiat wajibah (compulsory testament) so that they can enjoy the inheritance of the testator. This legal alternative can be called a product of the revolutionary ijtihad of judges in the religious court system so that Islamic law remains a solution for the people of Indonesia and those seeking justice in line with the increasingly modern and complex times for the creation of peace oriented towards the common good.

Bahasa Indonesia

Tulisan ini mendiskusikan dinamika putusan kewarisan beda agama, permasalahan yang ingin diungkap adalah bagaimana sikap dan strategi ijtihad hakim di lingkungan peradilan agama dalam dalam menyelesaikan sengketa kewarisan beda agama. Secara metodologis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kombinasi antara penelitian hukum normatif dan empiris (applied law research). Data dikumpulkan dengan mengkaji putusan Pengadilan Agama Klaten Nomor: 0584/Pdt.G/2018/PA. Klt. dan putusan Pengadilan Agama Kabanjahe Nomor: 2/Pdt.G/2011/PA-Kbj. serta melakukan wawancara dengan beberapa hakim. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa dalam menyelesaikan sengketa kewarisan beda agama, hakim di lingkungan peradilan agama bersikap proporsional dan profesional. Disamping itu, para hakim juga mempunyai strategi ijtihad agar putusan hukum yang ditetapkan dapat memberikan nilai-nilai keadilan dan kepastian hukum. Pertama, hakim menemukan fakta hukum yang dibuktikan kebenarannya melalui hukum pembuktian di persidangan. Kedua, hakim menentukan dasar hukum yang tepat sesuai dengan perkara yang diperiksanya. Ketiga, hakim memberikan putusan penetapan hukum terhadap perkara yang sedang diperiksanya. Dengan sikap dan strategi hakim yang demikian, terhadap ahli waris non-Muslim diberikan alternatif hukum berupa wasiat wajibah agar dapat menikmati harta peninggalan pewaris. Alternatif hukum ini bisa disebut sebagai produk ijtihad revolusioner para hakim di lingkungan peradilan agama agar hukum Islam tetap menjadi solusi bagi masyarakat Indonesia dan para pencari keadilan seiring dengan perkembangan zaman yang semakin modern dan kompleks demi terciptanya kedamaian yang berorientasi pada kemaslahatan.

Kata kunci

• Ijtihad Hakim
• Wasiat Wajibah
• Waris Beda Agama
• Pengadilan Agama
• Judge’s Ijtihad
• Compulsory Testaments (Wasiat Wajibah)
• Judgement on Different Religions’ Inheritance
• Religious Court