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Rethinking Patient Protection and Legal Accountability in Artificial Intelligence Assisted Orthopedic Surgery

Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System · Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026) · hlm. 444–466

DOI
10.53955/jhcls.v6i2.995
ISSN
2807-2812, 2807-2979
Terbit
2026-08-29
Penerbit
Yayasan Pendidikan Contrarius Indonesia
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

The growing adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare has improved clinical assessment, surgical planning, decision making, and orthopedic procedures, while simultaneously raising legal concerns regarding patient safety, professional responsibility, personal data protection, and accountability for technology supported clinical decisions. This study examines the adequacy of legal protection for patients receiving AI assisted orthopedic surgical services in Indonesia and develops a regulatory framework that strengthens patient rights and legal certainty. The study applies an empirical legal research method through observation and in-depth interviews, complemented by an analysis of relevant laws and regulations governing healthcare services, medical practice, digital technology, and patient protection. The findings reveal three main issues, first, the Indonesian legal framework does not specifically regulate the use of AI in clinical decision making, particularly when AI contributes to medical errors or patient harm. Second, existing regulations do not clearly allocate legal and professional responsibility among physicians, healthcare institutions, and technology developers involved in AI assisted orthopedic surgery. Third, Indonesia requires an integrated regulatory framework that establishes clear standards for professional accountability, informed consent, patient safety, clinical supervision, cybersecurity, personal data protection, and electronic medical records to ensure that AI assisted orthopedic surgery operates safely, transparently, accountably, and consistently with patients’ rights.

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  • Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
  • Gunadarma University
  • Tashkent State University of Law
  • Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya
  • Sultan Zainal Abidin University
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Organisasi berbeda
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  • Garis lebih tebal = lebih banyak artikel bersama · lingkaran lebih besar = lebih banyak artikel
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Wardah YuspinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Turdialiev Mukhammad Ali Polatjon ogliAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Jompon PitaksantayothinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Naeem Rakha AllahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Aisyah AisyahGunadarma University1
Heru Santoso Wahito NugrohoPoltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya1
Aminuddin MustaffaSultan Zainal Abidin University1
Said Saidakhrarovich GulyamovTashkent State University of Law1
Abdullah Al MamunAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS/oai, pertama di-harvest 10 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 10 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Rethinking Patient Protection and Legal Accountability  in Artificial Intelligence Assisted Orthopedic Surgery</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Budiono, Arief</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mirielle , Clarizze Yvoine</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Achmadi, Achmadi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Bangsawan, Mohammad Indra</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Soekiswati, Siti</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Artificial Intelligence; Orthopedic Policy; Patient; Protection;</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">



The growing adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare has improved clinical assessment, surgical planning, decision making, and orthopedic procedures, while simultaneously raising legal concerns regarding patient safety, professional responsibility, personal data protection, and accountability for technology supported clinical decisions. This study examines the adequacy of legal protection for patients receiving AI assisted orthopedic surgical services in Indonesia and develops a regulatory framework that strengthens patient rights and legal certainty. The study applies an empirical legal research method through observation and in-depth interviews, complemented by an analysis of relevant laws and regulations governing healthcare services, medical practice, digital technology, and patient protection. The findings reveal three main issues, first, the Indonesian legal framework does not specifically regulate the use of AI in clinical decision making, particularly when AI contributes to medical errors or patient harm. Second, existing regulations do not clearly allocate legal and professional responsibility among physicians, healthcare institutions, and technology developers involved in AI assisted orthopedic surgery. Third, Indonesia requires an integrated regulatory framework that establishes clear standards for professional accountability, informed consent, patient safety, clinical supervision, cybersecurity, personal data protection, and electronic medical records to ensure that AI assisted orthopedic surgery operates safely, transparently, accountably, and consistently with patients’ rights.



</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Yayasan Pendidikan Contrarius Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-08-29</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS/article/view/995</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.53955/jhcls.v6i2.995</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System; 444-466</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2807-2812</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2807-2979</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.53955/jhcls.v6i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS/article/view/995/165</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Arief Budiono, Clarizze Yvoine Mirielle , Achmadi Achmadi, Mohammad Indra Bangsawan, Siti Soekiswati</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>