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Jurnal SINTA 2

Strengthening INORMALS Using Context-based Natural Language Generation

Journal of ICT Research and Applications (JICTRA) · Vol. 16 No. 2 (2022) · pp. 101–122

DOI
10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2022.16.2.1
ISSN
2338-5499, 2337-5787
Published
2022-08-31
Publisher
DRI - ITB
Language
eng

Abstract

The noiseless steganography method that has been proposed by Wibowo can embed up to six characters in the provided cover text, but more than 59% of Indonesian words have a length of more than six characters, so there is room to improve Wibowo’s method. This paper proposes an improvement of Wibowo’s method by modifying the shifting codes and using context-based language generation. Based on 300 test messages, 99% of messages with more than six characters could be embedded by the proposed method, while using Wibowo’s method this was only 34%. Wibowo’s method can embed more than six characters only if the number of shifting codes is less than three, while the proposed method can embed more than six characters even if there are more than three shifting codes. Furthermore, the security for representing the number of code digits is increased by introducing a private key with the probability of guessing less than 1, while in Wibowo’s method this is 1. The naturalness of the cover sentences generated by the proposed method was maintained, which was about 99% when using the proposed method, while it was 98.61% when using Wibowo’s method.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

7 authors · 6 co-authorship links · 1 across different organisations

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  • Telkom University
  • Universitas PGRI Kalimantan
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Hasmawati HasmawatiTelkom University1
Prasti Eko YunantoTelkom University1
Farah AfiantiTelkom University1
Widhian BramantyaTelkom University1
Ali MuhammadUniversitas PGRI Kalimantan1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jictra/oai, first harvested 26 Okt 2026, last seen 26 Okt 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Strengthening INORMALS Using Context-based Natural Language Generation</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Yora, Soni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Barmawi, Ari Moesriami</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Baudot-Murray code</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">INORMALS</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">linguistic-based steganography</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">natural language generation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">sentence paraphrasing</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The noiseless steganography method that has been proposed by Wibowo can embed up to six characters in the provided cover text, but more than 59% of Indonesian words have a length of more than six characters, so there is room to improve Wibowo’s method. This paper proposes an improvement of Wibowo’s method by modifying the shifting codes and using context-based language generation. Based on 300 test messages, 99% of messages with more than six characters could be embedded by the proposed method, while using Wibowo’s method this was only 34%. Wibowo’s method can embed more than six characters only if the number of shifting codes is less than three, while the proposed method can embed more than six characters even if there are more than three shifting codes. Furthermore, the security for representing the number of code digits is increased by introducing a private key with the probability of guessing less than 1, while in Wibowo’s method this is 1. The naturalness of the cover sentences generated by the proposed method was maintained, which was about 99% when using the proposed method, while it was 98.61% when using Wibowo’s method.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">DRI - ITB</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2022-08-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
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	<dc:identifier>https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jictra/article/view/17167</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2022.16.2.1</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Journal of ICT Research and Applications; Vol. 16 No. 2 (2022); 101-122</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-5499</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2337-5787</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2022.16.2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jictra/article/view/17167/5920</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of ICT Research and Applications</dc:rights>
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