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A System Dynamics Model of 5G Low-Band Spectrum Management

Journal of ICT Research and Applications (JICTRA) · Vol. 19 No. 1 (2025) · pp. 47–68

DOI
10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2025.19.1.3
ISSN
2338-5499, 2337-5787
Published
2025-11-03
Publisher
DRI - ITB
Language
eng

Abstract

The fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system represents a major advancement in wireless technology, relying on effective radio spectrum management to ensure optimal performance. Among the available frequency ranges, the 5G low-band spectrum provides extensive coverage but limited capacity, making its efficient management a critical challenge. This study presents a predictive model based on the system dynamics approach to analyze the management of the 5G low-band spectrum. The model captures the interrelationships between technical and economic variables that influence spectrum allocation and service adoption over time. Three simulation scenarios—low, medium, and high allocation rates—were developed to examine allocation patterns and their effects on 5G service diffusion. The results revealed that spectrum management in 5G exhibits goal-seeking behavior constrained by spectrum scarcity, with service adoption showing a growth-to-saturation pattern. The findings demonstrate that appropriate low-band spectrum management can significantly enhance 5G deployment efficiency. The proposed model serves as a decision-support tool for policymakers and regulators, enabling evaluation of alternative management strategies prior to policy implementation and promoting evidence-based decision-making in future 5G spectrum policies.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

26 authors · 49 co-authorship links · 19 across different organisations

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Bandung Institute of Technology
  • Telkom University
  • Universitas Mikroskil
  • Universitas Teknologi Bandung
  • Indonesian Institute of Sciences
  • Pakuan University
  • Sumatera Institute of Technology
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Achmad MunirBandung Institute of Technology3
Olivia OliviaBandung Institute of Technology2
Yana TaryanaIndonesian Institute of Sciences1
Mochamad YunusPakuan University1
Hardi NusantaraBandung Institute of Technology1
Rheyuniarto Sahlendar AsthanSumatera Institute of Technology1
Budi SyihabuddinTelkom University1
Eva HariyantiAffiliation unknown1
Indah WerdiningsihAffiliation unknown1
Roni YunisUniversitas Mikroskil1
Erwin Setiawan PanjaitanUniversitas Mikroskil1
Nur Ulfa MaulideviBandung Institute of Technology1
Yudi SetiawanBandung Institute of Technology1
Sandi WibowoAffiliation unknown1
Abdullah KarimAffiliation unknown1
Neng Ayu HerawatiAffiliation unknown1
Lenny Putri YuliantyAffiliation unknown1
Erwin Budi SetiawanBandung Institute of Technology1
Dwi Hendratmo WidyantoroBandung Institute of Technology1
Heru NugrohoBandung Institute of Technology1
Sugondo HadiyosoTelkom University1
Tati Latifah Erawati RajabBandung Institute of Technology1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jictra/oai, first harvested 26 Okt 2026, last seen 26 Okt 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">A System Dynamics Model of 5G Low-Band Spectrum Management</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Shalahuddin, Muhammad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sunindyo, Wikan Danar</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Effendi, Mohammad Ridwan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Surendro, Kridanto</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">5G low-band</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">goal-seeking</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">predictive model</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">radio spectrum management</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">system dynamics</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system represents a major advancement in wireless technology, relying on effective radio spectrum management to ensure optimal performance. Among the available frequency ranges, the 5G low-band spectrum provides extensive coverage but limited capacity, making its efficient management a critical challenge. This study presents a predictive model based on the system dynamics approach to analyze the management of the 5G low-band spectrum. The model captures the interrelationships between technical and economic variables that influence spectrum allocation and service adoption over time. Three simulation scenarios—low, medium, and high allocation rates—were developed to examine allocation patterns and their effects on 5G service diffusion. The results revealed that spectrum management in 5G exhibits goal-seeking behavior constrained by spectrum scarcity, with service adoption showing a growth-to-saturation pattern. The findings demonstrate that appropriate low-band spectrum management can significantly enhance 5G deployment efficiency. The proposed model serves as a decision-support tool for policymakers and regulators, enabling evaluation of alternative management strategies prior to policy implementation and promoting evidence-based decision-making in future 5G spectrum policies.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">DRI - ITB</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-11-03</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jictra/article/view/23093</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2025.19.1.3</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Journal of ICT Research and Applications; Vol. 19 No. 1 (2025); 47-68</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-5499</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2337-5787</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2025.19.1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jictra/article/view/23093/7177</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of ICT Research and Applications</dc:rights>
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