GAMBARAN PENGELOLAAN VAKSIN CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 19 (COVID-19) DI PUSKESMAS ABELI KOTA KENDARI TAHUN 2023

Abstract

Abstrak Latar Belakang: Data capaian vaksinasi COVID-19 di puskesmas Abeli sangat rendah dimana menjadi yang terendah dari seluruh puskesmas yang berada di Kota kendari. Dimana pada tahun 2022 terhitung jumlah capaian Dosis 1 hanya sebesar 12.195 (54,36%), Dosis 2 sebesar 7.252 (32,33%) dan Dosis 3 atau Booster sebesar 289 (1,29%). Kondisi tersebut kemungkinan disebabkan oleh tidak terlaksana dengan baik pengelolaan vaksin yang terdiri atas perencanaan kebutuhan, pengadaan, penyimpanan vaksin, pengendalian vaksin rusak atau kedaluwarsa, dan pencatatan pelaporan vaksinasi. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran pengelolaan vaksin COVID-19 di Puskesmas Abeli Kota Kendari. Metode: Metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara, observasi, dan telaah dokumen yang melibatkan informan yaitu kepala puskesmas, Programer Imunisasi, dan staf Programer Imunisasi. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gambaran pengelolaan vaksin covid-19 di puskesmas abeli terdiri atas beberapa tahapan yaitu Perencanaan untuk menjamin ketersediaan vaksin covid-19 dengan melakukan perhitungan jumlah sasaran dan jumlah kebutuhan logistic. proses pengadaan vaksin covid-19 dimulai dari menghitung jumlah sasaran lalu mengajukan surat permintaan vaksin kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kota. Penyimpanan vaksin belum sesuai dengan kondisi dan sifatnya dan keadaan gudang penyimpanan vaksin di Puskesmas Abeli belum sesuai dengan aturan tata ruang penyimpanan dari Kementrian Kesehatan RI, selain itu belum memiliki kamar dingin dan kamar beku. Pengendalian untuk penanganan vaksin rusak atau kedaluwarsa di Puskesmas Abeli dilakukan dengan memisahkan vaksin yang telah rusak atau kadaluwarsa dengan vaksin yang masih dalam kondisi baik, lalu membuat berita acara untuk mengajukan pengembalian ke Dinas Kesehatan Kota. Alur pencacatan dan pelaporan di Puskesmas Abeli sudah sesuai pedoman Kementrian Kesehatan RI, pencatatan dilakukan secara online melalui aplikasi khusus yaitu SMILE. Kesimpulan: Gambaran pengelolaan vaksin covid-19 di Puskesmas Abeli terdiri atas Proses Perencanaan kebutuhan vaksin COVID-19 di Puskesmas Abeli diawali dengan menghitung jumlah sasaran yang akan dilayani dan jumlah kebutuhan logistic, Pengadaan vaksin COVID-19 dengan membuat surat permintaan kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kota Kendari, Penyimpanan vaksin COVID-19 di Puskesmas Abeli sudah sesuai dengan standar prosedur yang ada, Namun masih kurangnya sarana peralatan cold chain untuk vaksin dengan kondisi dan sifat nya yang berbeda-beda, Pengendalian penanganan vaksin rusak atau kadaluwarsa dilakukan dengan memisahkan vaksin yang telah rusak atau kadaluwarsa dengan vaksin yang masih dalam kondisi baik, lalu membuat berita acara untuk mengajukan pengembalian ke Dinas Kesehatan Kota, dan Alur Pencatatan dan Pelaporan sudah mengikuti prosedur yang ada, dimana pencatatan dilakukan secara online setiap hari melalui aplikasi SMILE dan pencatatan offline menggunakan kartu stok akan di kirim ke Dinas Kesehatan Kota setiap akhir bulan. Sehingga perlu lebih memperhatikan proses perencanaan perhitungan kebutuhan logistik dan menerapkan system FEFO dalam proses penyimpanan vaksin serta rutin melakukan pencatatan dan pelaporan sarana peralatan vaksinasi. Abstract Background: Data on the achievement of the COVID-19 vaccination at the Abeli Health Center is very low, which is the lowest of all the Health Centers in Kendari City. Where in 2022 the number of achievements for Dose 1 is only 12,195 (54.36%), Dose 2 is 7,252 (32.33%) and Dose 3 or Booster is 289 (1.29%). This condition was probably caused by the failure to properly manage vaccines, which consisted of planning needs, procurement, storage of vaccines, control of damaged or expired vaccines, and recording of vaccination reports. Objectives: To find out how the management of the COVID-19 vaccine at the Abeli Health Center in Kendari City is described. Methods: Qualitative method using a descriptive approach with data collection techniques of interviews, observation, and document review involving informants, namely the head of the puskesmas, immunization programmers, and immunization programmer staff. Results: The results of the study show that the description of the management of the covid-19 vaccine at the Abeli Health Center consists of several stages, namely planning to ensure the availability of the covid-19 vaccine by calculating the number of targets and the amount of logistical needs. the process of procuring the covid-19 vaccine starts with calculating the target number and then submitting a vaccine request letter to the City Health Office. Vaccine storage is not in accordance with the conditions and characteristics and the condition of the vaccine storage warehouse at the Abeli Health Center is not in accordance with the storage layout regulations from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, besides that it does not have cold rooms and frozen rooms. Control for handling damaged or expired vaccines at the Abeli Health Center is carried out by separating vaccines that have been damaged or expired from vaccines that are still in good condition, then make an official report to submit a return request to the City Health Office. The flow of recording and reporting at the Abeli Health Center complies with the guidelines of the Indonesian Ministry of Health, recording is done online through a special application, namely SMILE. Conclusion: An overview of the management of the covid-19 vaccine at the Abeli Health Center consists of the process of planning the need for a COVID-19 vaccine at the Abeli Health Center starting with calculating the number of targets to be served and the number of logistical needs, Procurement of the COVID-19 vaccine by making a request letter to the Kendari City Health Office, Storage the COVID-19 vaccine at the Abeli Health Center is in accordance with existing standard procedures, but there is still a lack of cold chain equipment for vaccines with different conditions and characteristics. Control of handling damaged or expired vaccines is carried out by separating damaged or expired vaccines from vaccines that are still in good condition, then make an official report to submit a return to the City Health Office, and the Recording and Reporting Flow follows the existing procedure, where the recording is done online every day via the SMILE application and offline recording using a stock card will be sent to City Health Office at the end of each month. So it is necessary to pay more attention to the planning process for calculating logistical needs and implementing the FEFO system in the vaccine storage process and routinely recording and reporting vaccination equipment facilities.