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Conflict Dynamics and Resolution in Chief of Village Elections: A Case Study of Maradekaya Village

Dinamika Konflik dan Resolusi dalam Pemilihan Kepala Desa: Studi Kasus Di Desa Maradekaya

Journal of Peace, Security and Democracy · Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025) · pp. 16–36

DOI
10.63280/jpsd.v1i1.42521
ISSN
3090-515X
Published
2025-01-30
Publisher
Center of Peace, Conflict and Democracy - Hasanuddin University
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

English

Chief of Village Election is an essential local democratic agenda in the transition of village-level leadership, but it often becomes a source of significant social conflict. This study explores the Pilkades conflict in Maradekaya Village, Gowa Regency, in 2016 using a descriptive qualitative approach. The conflict was triggered by personal competition between candidates, the low socio-economic conditions of the community, and the inability of the election committee to maintain firmness and neutrality in the election process. The three candidates—who had strong support bases and different political backgrounds—formed dynamic alliances and feuds, creating political tensions that culminated in acts of mass violence. This tension was exacerbated by the social conditions of the community, dominated by residents with low levels of education and a strong paternalistic culture, which made them vulnerable to pragmatic politics based on money and social pressure. This study uses Burton's Conflict Resolution Theory and maps the conflict resolution approach into two main mechanisms, namely negotiation and mediation. Negotiations between candidates resulted in a decision to re-elect as an effort to avoid further escalation of the conflict. However, the implementation of mediation by the election committee was unsuccessful due to a lack of legitimacy and firmness. In contrast, mediation conducted by the Bajeng Sub-district Head showed more effective results with an evaluative approach that emphasized decision-making based on majority vote and consensus. The results of the study indicate that the Maradekaya Pilkades conflict reflects the complexity of local politics involving structural, cultural, and personal dimensions. Effective conflict resolution requires strengthening the capacity of local institutions, increasing political education of the community, and implementing a consensus-based mediation strategy involving figures who have authority and public trust. This study emphasizes the importance of the role of professional and neutral mediation in preventing social fragmentation that can disrupt the stability of democracy at the village level.

Bahasa Indonesia

Pemilihan Kepala Desa (Pilkades) merupakan agenda pergantian dan persaingan kepemimpinan yang rentan memicu konflik. Konflik Pemilihan Kepala Desa di Desa Maradekaya tahun 2016 merupakan fenomena unik baik dalam konflik maupun penanganannya. Penelitian ini mencoba mengungkapkan tata kelola konflik pada konflik Pemilihan Kepala Desa Maradekaya tahun 2016. Konflik merupakan perebutan status, sumber daya yang terbatas, dengan pilihan value, yaitu menang atau kalah. Dalam penanganan konflik, dibutuhkan suatu tata kelola, agar konflik dapat dikontrol, dilokalisir, atau dihentikan. Untuk menganalisis resolusi konfliknya, peneliti menggunakan resolusi konflik James W Burton. Resolusi konflik, menurut Burton, berarti membangun suatu tata kelola konflik dengan menggunakan sumber daya, dan strategi, yang dilakukan berkelanjutan dengan tujuan penyelesaian konflik. Strategi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah negosiasi dan mediasi. Negosiasi merupakan pertemuan tatap muka yang dilakukan oleh dua pihak atau lebih yang bertikai untuk menemukan kesepakatan, sedangkan mediasi adalah suatu upaya pertemuan sukarela pihak-pihak yang bertikai melalui bantuan orang tertentu yang dipandang netral, untuk mengisolasi masalah, mengembangkan pilihan, menawarkan alternatif, sampai menemukan penyelesaian konsensual yang diterima semua pihak. Penelitan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Melalui metode tersebut, peneliti menemukan bahwa konflik PILKADES Maradekaya tahun 2016 dipicu oleh tiga faktor utama, yaitu konflik pribadi ketiga calon Kepala Desa, rendahnya pendidikan dan tingginya kemiskinan serta tradisi feodalisme masyarakat Maradekaya, dan ketidak-tegasan pihak Panitia Pemilihan. Selain itu, peneliti juga menemukan resolusi konflik dilakukan baik melalui negosiasi yang menghasilkan keputusan bersama yaitu melaksanakan Pemilihan Suara Ulang, maupun mediasi oleh Camat Bajeng yang menghasilkan suasana yang khidmat dalam menghasilkan kesepakatan bagi tiga calon Kepala Desa Maradekaya.

Keywords

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Andi SetiawanAffiliation unknown2
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Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jpsd/oai, first harvested 2 Nov 2026, last seen 2 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc)
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Conflict Dynamics and Resolution in Chief of Village Elections: A Case Study of Maradekaya Village</dc:title>
	<dc:title xml:lang="id">Dinamika Konflik dan Resolusi dalam Pemilihan Kepala Desa: Studi Kasus Di Desa Maradekaya</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kasmat, Zukhrufi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yunus, Ariana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nadir, Sakinah</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">Indonesia</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">resolusi konflik</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">kepala desa</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">pemilihan</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">politik lokal</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">pemerintahan desa</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">conflict resolution</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">chief in village</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">election</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">local politics</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">village government</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">indonesia</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Chief of Village Election is an essential local democratic agenda in the transition of village-level leadership, but it often becomes a source of significant social conflict. This study explores the Pilkades conflict in Maradekaya Village, Gowa Regency, in 2016 using a descriptive qualitative approach. The conflict was triggered by personal competition between candidates, the low socio-economic conditions of the community, and the inability of the election committee to maintain firmness and neutrality in the election process. The three candidates—who had strong support bases and different political backgrounds—formed dynamic alliances and feuds, creating political tensions that culminated in acts of mass violence. This tension was exacerbated by the social conditions of the community, dominated by residents with low levels of education and a strong paternalistic culture, which made them vulnerable to pragmatic politics based on money and social pressure. This study uses Burton's Conflict Resolution Theory and maps the conflict resolution approach into two main mechanisms, namely negotiation and mediation. Negotiations between candidates resulted in a decision to re-elect as an effort to avoid further escalation of the conflict. However, the implementation of mediation by the election committee was unsuccessful due to a lack of legitimacy and firmness. In contrast, mediation conducted by the Bajeng Sub-district Head showed more effective results with an evaluative approach that emphasized decision-making based on majority vote and consensus. The results of the study indicate that the Maradekaya Pilkades conflict reflects the complexity of local politics involving structural, cultural, and personal dimensions. Effective conflict resolution requires strengthening the capacity of local institutions, increasing political education of the community, and implementing a consensus-based mediation strategy involving figures who have authority and public trust. This study emphasizes the importance of the role of professional and neutral mediation in preventing social fragmentation that can disrupt the stability of democracy at the village level.</dc:description>
	<dc:description xml:lang="id">Pemilihan Kepala Desa (Pilkades) merupakan agenda pergantian dan persaingan kepemimpinan yang rentan memicu konflik. Konflik Pemilihan Kepala Desa di Desa Maradekaya tahun 2016 merupakan fenomena unik baik dalam konflik maupun penanganannya. Penelitian ini mencoba mengungkapkan tata kelola konflik pada konflik Pemilihan Kepala Desa Maradekaya tahun 2016. Konflik merupakan perebutan status, sumber daya yang terbatas, dengan pilihan value, yaitu menang atau kalah. Dalam penanganan konflik, dibutuhkan suatu tata kelola, agar konflik dapat dikontrol, dilokalisir, atau dihentikan. Untuk menganalisis resolusi konfliknya, peneliti menggunakan resolusi konflik James W Burton. Resolusi konflik, menurut Burton, berarti membangun suatu tata kelola konflik dengan menggunakan sumber daya, dan strategi, yang dilakukan berkelanjutan dengan tujuan penyelesaian konflik. Strategi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah negosiasi dan mediasi. Negosiasi merupakan pertemuan tatap muka yang dilakukan oleh dua pihak atau lebih yang bertikai untuk menemukan kesepakatan, sedangkan mediasi adalah suatu upaya pertemuan sukarela pihak-pihak yang bertikai melalui bantuan orang tertentu yang dipandang netral, untuk mengisolasi masalah, mengembangkan pilihan, menawarkan alternatif, sampai menemukan penyelesaian konsensual yang diterima semua pihak.
Penelitan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Melalui metode tersebut, peneliti menemukan bahwa konflik PILKADES Maradekaya tahun 2016 dipicu oleh tiga faktor utama, yaitu konflik pribadi ketiga calon Kepala Desa, rendahnya pendidikan dan tingginya kemiskinan serta tradisi feodalisme masyarakat Maradekaya, dan ketidak-tegasan pihak Panitia Pemilihan. Selain itu, peneliti juga menemukan resolusi konflik dilakukan baik melalui negosiasi yang menghasilkan keputusan bersama yaitu melaksanakan Pemilihan Suara Ulang, maupun mediasi oleh Camat Bajeng yang menghasilkan suasana yang khidmat dalam menghasilkan kesepakatan bagi tiga calon Kepala Desa Maradekaya.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Center of Peace, Conflict and Democracy - Hasanuddin University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-01-30</dc:date>
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	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jpsd/article/view/42521</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.63280/jpsd.v1i1.42521</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Peace, Security and Democracy; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): January; 16-36</dc:source>
	<dc:source>3090-515X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.63280/jpsd.v1i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jpsd/article/view/42521/12462</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Zukhrufi Kasmat, Ariana Yunus, Sakinah Nadir</dc:rights>
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