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Assessing the Decade After: A Critical Analysis of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in the Libya Intervention

Hasanuddin Journal of Strategic and International Studies · Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023) · pp. 32–38

DOI
10.20956/hjsis.v2i1.32456
ISSN
2963-1394
Published
2023-12-29
Publisher
Hasanuddin University
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

Currently, 12 years post-NATO intervention, Libya falls into the category of a fragile state, with worsening indices in the economic, security, and social aspects since 2011. While not a new topic, the situation in Libya in 2011 can always serve as a lesson and exemplification of the discourse on humanitarian intervention, specifically the principal aspects of Responsibility to Protect (R2P). The current situation in Libya raises questions about whether there were flaws in the military intervention carried out by the NATO alliance in 2011. This paper aims to analyze the just ad bellum features related to the principal aspects within R2P were implemented in the NATO intervention in Libya. Thus, this study argues that the failure of the military intervention in Libya is due to the non-fulfillment of the basic aspects of Responsibility to Protect (R2P), especially in relation to just ad bellum, such as right authority, last resort, just cause, right intention, proportional means, and reasonable prospects in carrying out humanitarian intervention.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

7 authors · 16 co-authorship links

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Nurul QomariaAffiliation unknown1
Zulkarnain ZulkarnainAffiliation unknown1
Mega Nisfa MakhrojaAffiliation unknown1
Sirwan Yazid BustamiAffiliation unknown1
Noralia ClaudeaAffiliation unknown1
Nor Suzylah SohaimiAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/hjsis/oai, first harvested 2 Nov 2026, last seen 2 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Assessing the Decade After: A Critical Analysis of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in the Libya Intervention</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Estriani, Heavy Nala</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Libya</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">R2P</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Intervention</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Humanitarian</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Just ad bellum</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Currently, 12 years post-NATO intervention, Libya falls into the category of a fragile state, with worsening indices in the economic, security, and social aspects since 2011. While not a new topic, the situation in Libya in 2011 can always serve as a lesson and exemplification of the discourse on humanitarian intervention, specifically the principal aspects of Responsibility to Protect (R2P). The current situation in Libya raises questions about whether there were flaws in the military intervention carried out by the NATO alliance in 2011. This paper aims to analyze the just ad bellum features related to the principal aspects within R2P were implemented in the NATO intervention in Libya. Thus, this study argues that the failure of the military intervention in Libya is due to the non-fulfillment of the basic aspects of Responsibility to Protect (R2P), especially in relation to just ad bellum, such as right authority, last resort, just cause, right intention, proportional means, and reasonable prospects in carrying out humanitarian intervention.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Hasanuddin University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2023-12-29</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/hjsis/article/view/32456</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20956/hjsis.v2i1.32456</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Hasanuddin Journal of Strategic and International Studies; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023); 32-38</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2963-1394</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.20956/hjsis.v2i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/hjsis/article/view/32456/11021</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2023 Hasanuddin Journal of Strategic and International Studies (HJSIS)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>