IOT-Based Monitoring of Temperature and Humidity of Rice Grain Storage

Abstract

English

The development of the agricultural sector, especially the food crop subsector, has an important role as the main pillar of life for most of the Indonesian people. Rice, as a staple food for most of the world's population including Indonesia, has a significant nutritional role. The quality of rice consists of several related categories, such as processing quality, taste, cooking, appearance, and nutrition. The SNI 6128:2008 standard outlines the general requirements for rice which include being free from pests, musty odors, bran, and hazardous chemicals. Storage of grain affects the quality of rice, where the greatest yield loss occurs during storage. Poor storage conditions can result in decreased grain quality due to biotic (insects, fungi) and abiotic (temperature, humidity) factors. High humidity can significantly reduce the shelf life of grain. Harvested dry grain has a high water content, which can increase enzyme activity in the grain. Therefore, a monitoring tool is needed to maintain the temperature, humidity, and water content of the rice to ensure its quality meets standards. This study uses Research and Development (R&D) development with the innovation of a rice storage monitoring tool that uses an integrated LoRa module ESP32, DHT22 sensor, soil moisture, heater, and fan to maintain and improve the quality of rice grain storage. And the calculation of Quality of Service (QoS) or network quality calculation with Throughput, Packet Loss, Delay, and Jitter parameters. The results of the study showed that the heater functioned optimally with an average temperature value reaching 40.01 ° C, humidity of 48.73%, and water content of around 13.5%. In addition, the parameters (QoS) showed a throughput of 1,158 - 1,607 kb / s, without packet loss (packet loss 0%), with a delay of around 5.48 - 7.17 ms, and jitter of around 5.47 - 7.16 ms.

Bahasa Indonesia

Pembangunan sektor pertanian, khususnya subsektor tanaman pangan, memiliki peranan penting sebagai pilar utama kehidupan sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia. Beras, sebagai makanan pokok bagi sebagian besar penduduk dunia termasuk Indonesia, memiliki peran gizi yang signifikan. Mutu beras terdiri dari beberapa kategori terkait, seperti mutu pengolahan, rasa, tanak, penampilan, dan gizi. Standar SNI 6128:2008 memaparkan syarat umum beras yang mencakup bebas hama, bau apek, dedak, dan bahan kimia berbahaya. Penyimpanan gabah mempengaruhi kualitas beras, di mana kehilangan hasil terbesar terjadi selama penyimpanan. Kondisi penyimpanan yang buruk dapat mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas gabah akibat faktor biotik (serangga, jamur) dan abiotik (suhu, kelembapan). Tingginya kelembapan dapat mengurangi umur simpan gabah secara signifikan. Gabah kering panen memiliki kadar air tinggi, yang dapat meningkatkan aktivitas enzim pada gabah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan alat monitoring untuk menjaga suhu, kelembapan, dan kadar air pada gabah guna memastikan kualitasnya sesuai standar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pengembangan Research and development (R&D) dengan inovasi alat monitoring penyimpanan gabah yang menggunakan modul LoRa yang terintegrasi ESP32, sensor DHT22, soil moisture, heater, dan fan untuk menjaga dan meningkatkan kualitas penyimpanan gabah padi. Serta dilakukan perhitungan Quality of Service (QoS) atau perhitungan kualitas jaringan dengan parameter Throughput, Packet Loss, Delay, dan Jitter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa heater berfungsi secara optimal dengan nilai suhu rata-rata mencapai 40,01°C, kelembapan sebesar 48,73%, dan kadar air sekitar 13,5%. Selain itu, parameter (QoS) menunjukkan throughput sebesar 1.158 – 1.607 kb/s, tanpa kehilangan paket (packet loss 0%), dengan delay sekitar 5.48 – 7.17 ms, dan jitter sekitar 5.47 – 7.16 ms.

Keywords

• Rice Grain
• Humidity
• Water Content
• Monitoring
• QoS
• Temperature
• Gabah Padi
• Kelembapan
• Kadar Air
• Suhu