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Application of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to Analyze Occupational Safety Risks in General Cargo Ship Loading and Unloading Activities at Makassar Port

Maritime Park: Journal of Maritime Technology and Society · Vol. ume (2026) · pp. 140–150

DOI
10.62012/mp.vi.47219
ISSN
2828-6669, 2828-7010
Published
2026-02-15
Publisher
Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

Makassar Port as one of the main ports in Indonesia has an important role in the national logistics system, but the loading and unloading activities of general cargo ships have the potential for high occupational safety risks. This study aims to identify, evaluate, and prioritize risks that can occur during the loading and unloading process at Makassar Port. The analysis of occupational safety risks in the loading and unloading activities of general cargo ships uses the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis method approach by identifying the failure mode, the impact of failure, and the cause of failure that occurs at each stage of loading and unloading activities and involves the assessment of Severity, Occurrence, and Detection to determine the Risk Priority Number (RPN). Through the application of FMEA method, an in-depth identification of work stages, failure modes, effects, causes, and Risk Priority Number (RPN) values for each work activity is obtained. The results of the analysis that show the failure mode with the highest RPN value in this study are in the loading and unloading activities which then become a reference for designing mitigation steps or appropriate repair solutions by implementing a safety briefing before starting the activity, a safety area on the dock for activities, ensuring the load is in accordance with the capacity of the lifting equipment, training for heavy equipment operators, controlling or monitoring by the PnC team, communication and mutual coordination between operators and field workers. The conclusion of this study is that the approach using the FMEA method is effective in identifying and evaluating work safety risks in loading and unloading activities. With the results of risk mapping, the port can take more targeted preventive measures.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 96 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Habibi PalippuiAffiliation unknown3
Hasdinar UmarAffiliation unknown2
Indah Putri HumairahAffiliation unknown2
Muhammad Zubair Muis AlieAffiliation unknown2
Fuad Mahfud AssidiqAffiliation unknown2
Ashury AshuryAffiliation unknown2
A. Muhammad Fauzan SulfaAffiliation unknown2
Aimar Rendra Patanrei AbduhAffiliation unknown2
Muh. Yatzin AzharilAffiliation unknown2
Windi WidianingrumAffiliation unknown2
Indah MelatiAffiliation unknown1
Nur Fatima Dwi PutriAffiliation unknown1
Muh. SyaifullahAffiliation unknown1
Paroka ParokaAffiliation unknown1
Risal RisalAffiliation unknown1
Daniel Mohammad RosyidAffiliation unknown1
SilvianitaAffiliation unknown1
Daeng ParokaAffiliation unknown1
Makbul MubarakAffiliation unknown1
Rati AhmadAffiliation unknown1
Ahmad Faiq Dhiyaulhaq KaryaAffiliation unknown1
Nurul HaslindahAffiliation unknown1
Ainun JariahAffiliation unknown1
Chandra YudhatamaAffiliation unknown1
Andi Nadhilah Qisthina AnshariAffiliation unknown1
Megawati MegawatiAffiliation unknown1
Arasy SafirAffiliation unknown1
Muh RenaldyAffiliation unknown1
Rahmaliyah KadirAffiliation unknown1
Melvy Ayu FatimahAffiliation unknown1
Isti Amaliah SabrinaAffiliation unknown1
Putri Ayu Nur ShabrinaAffiliation unknown1
Measy Angelina Manglean LembangAffiliation unknown1
Siti Hajar Putri Maharani NasrunAffiliation unknown1
Asripa AsripaAffiliation unknown1
Ariska AriskaAffiliation unknown1
Nur RachmiAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/maritimepark/oai, first harvested 2 Nov 2026, last seen 2 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Application of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to Analyze Occupational Safety Risks in General Cargo Ship Loading and Unloading Activities at Makassar Port</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sampe Lolo, Cynthia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Husain, Firman</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sade , Juswan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="id">husain, firman</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">FMEA</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Loading and Unloading</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en"> Occupational Safety</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Port of Makassar</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Risk</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Makassar Port as one of the main ports in Indonesia has an important role in the national logistics system, but the loading and unloading activities of general cargo ships have the potential for high occupational safety risks. This study aims to identify, evaluate, and prioritize risks that can occur during the loading and unloading process at Makassar Port. The analysis of occupational safety risks in the loading and unloading activities of general cargo ships uses the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis method approach by identifying the failure mode, the impact of failure, and the cause of failure that occurs at each stage of loading and unloading activities and involves the assessment of Severity, Occurrence, and Detection to determine the Risk Priority Number (RPN). Through the application of FMEA method, an in-depth identification of work stages, failure modes, effects, causes, and Risk Priority Number (RPN) values for each work activity is obtained. The results of the analysis that show the failure mode with the highest RPN value in this study are in the loading and unloading activities which then become a reference for designing mitigation steps or appropriate repair solutions by implementing a safety briefing before starting the activity, a safety area on the dock for activities, ensuring the load is in accordance with the capacity of the lifting equipment,  training for heavy equipment operators, controlling or monitoring by the PnC team, communication and mutual coordination between operators and field workers. The conclusion of this study is that the approach using the FMEA method is effective in identifying and evaluating work safety risks in loading and unloading activities. With the results of risk mapping, the port can take more targeted preventive measures.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-02-15</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/maritimepark/article/view/47219</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.62012/mp.vi.47219</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Maritime Park: Journal of Maritime Technology and Society; Volume 5, Issue 1, 2026; 140-150</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2828-6669</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2828-7010</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/maritimepark/article/view/47219/14151</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Maritime Park: Journal of Maritime Technology and Society</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>