Implementation of the Least Square Method in Tidal Harmonic Analysis Using Python Programming

rahmadania, Suci Fitra; Cahya, Ilham; Wicaksono, Ashari; Lailiyah, Inayatul

doi:10.62012/mp.vi.48211

Open access Jurnal

Implementation of the Least Square Method in Tidal Harmonic Analysis Using Python Programming

Maritime Park: Journal of Maritime Technology and Society · Vol. ume (2026) · pp. 91–98

DOI: 10.62012/mp.vi.48211
ISSN: 2828-6669, 2828-7010
Published: 2026-02-06
Publisher: Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University
Language: en
License: creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the tidal characteristics in the southern coastal area of Madura using the least squares-based harmonic analysis method with Python programming. This method is used to obtain tidal harmonic constants and determine the tidal type in the study area. The analysis results show that the M₂ component is the dominant component with an amplitude of 0.498 m, followed by the K₁, O₁, and S₂. The Formzahl value of 1.056 indicates that the tidal type in the southern coastal area of Madura is a mixed tide tending to be semidiurnal. Model validation using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) produced a value of 0.201 m, indicating that the modeling results have a fairly good level of accuracy. The results of this study are expected to be a reference in the planning and management of coastal areas in Madura waters.

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15 authors · 34 co-authorship links

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Co-author	Organisation	Joint articles
Mohammad Khoirul Fatihin	Affiliation unknown	3
Muhammad Zaiki Zakariyya	Affiliation unknown	3
Suntoyo Suntoyo	Affiliation unknown	2
Jihannuma Adibiah Nurdin	Affiliation unknown	2
Zacky Maulana Alfaridzi	Affiliation unknown	2
Aries Dwi Siswanto	Affiliation unknown	2
Anita Kusuma Wardhani	Affiliation unknown	2
Ahmad Fahmi Wahyudi	Affiliation unknown	2
Agus Romadhon	Affiliation unknown	2
Rieke Dyah Ambarwati	Affiliation unknown	2
Nike Ika Nuzula	Affiliation unknown	1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/maritimepark/oai, first harvested 2 Nov 2026, last seen 2 Nov 2026.

Original metadata (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Implementation of the Least Square Method in Tidal Harmonic Analysis Using Python Programming</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">rahmadania, Suci Fitra</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Cahya, Ilham</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wicaksono, Ashari</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Lailiyah, Inayatul</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Madura strait</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Google Colab</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Formzahl</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Coding</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Tidal type</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study aims to analyze the tidal characteristics in the southern coastal area of Madura using the least squares-based harmonic analysis method with Python programming. This method is used to obtain tidal harmonic constants and determine the tidal type in the study area. The analysis results show that the M₂ component is the dominant component with an amplitude of 0.498 m, followed by the K₁, O₁, and S₂. The Formzahl value of 1.056 indicates that the tidal type in the southern coastal area of Madura is a mixed tide tending to be semidiurnal. Model validation using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) produced a value of 0.201 m, indicating that the modeling results have a fairly good level of accuracy. The results of this study are expected to be a reference in the planning and management of coastal areas in Madura waters.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-02-06</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/maritimepark/article/view/48211</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.62012/mp.vi.48211</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Maritime Park: Journal of Maritime Technology and Society; Volume 5, Issue 1, 2026; 91-98</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2828-6669</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2828-7010</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/maritimepark/article/view/48211/14128</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Maritime Park: Journal of Maritime Technology and Society</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
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