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Risk Analysis of Tugboat Cooling System Using FSA and FMEA Based on Accident Data

Maritime Park: Journal of Maritime Technology and Society · Vol. ume (2026) · pp. 404–416

DOI
10.62012/9adeej15
ISSN
2828-6669, 2828-7010
Published
2026-10-04
Publisher
Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

Tugboats play an essential role in port activities, but their cooling systems are vulnerable to failures that can potentially trigger serious accidents. This study aims to analyze the risks of tugboat cooling systems through a Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) using the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method based on field surveys and accident data. Data collection was conducted via questionnaires to 12 engine room crew (including the Chief Engine Room Officer, Engineer, and Technician) and the accident investigation report of TB. Kawan Kita XI (2025), which was used as external validation by cross-refencing the documented failure causes with the high-priority FMEA result. This study identified 14 failure modes in 9 key components of the cooling system, assessed based on severity (Severity), frequency (Occurrence), and detection (Detection) on a scale of 1–10. The average value of the 12 respondents was used to calculate the Risk Priority Number (RPN) and Pareto analysis. Key findings revealed six priority risks: mechanical seal leakage (RPN=405), cylinder head cooling jacket cracking (RPN=300), freshwater pump bearing failure (RPN=243), sea chest strainer corrosion (RPN=216), temperature control valve sticking (RPN=216), and internal cooler leakage (RPN=168). These six modes accounted for 82.6% of the total risk, consistent with the Pareto principle. The uniqueness of this study lies in the integration of multi-vessel survey data, a more accurate 1–10 rating scale, and validation from actual accidents. Recommendations include preventive seal replacement, installation of leak sensors, regular valve maintenance, and anti-corrosion protection. This study contributes to strengthening the operational safety of tugboats in Indonesia.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 177 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Syerly KlaraAffiliation unknown9
Andi Husni SitepuAffiliation unknown4
Faisal MahmuddinAffiliation unknown4
Muhammad Iqbal NikmatullahAffiliation unknown3
Andi Haris MuhammadAffiliation unknown2
RahimuddinAffiliation unknown2
M. Rusydi AlwiAffiliation unknown2
Balqis ShintarahayuAffiliation unknown2
Fadel Rezky RamadhanAffiliation unknown2
Haryanti RivaiAffiliation unknown2
La Ode NafiuUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Muhammad Amrullah PagalaUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Rimba HamidUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Ali Mulya RendeAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Ardi IsragusraAffiliation unknown1
Apriansyah ApriansyahAffiliation unknown1
Rachmat Zakaria IlyasAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Ilham NurAffiliation unknown1
Eunike BaranganAffiliation unknown1
Andi Bukti DjufrieAffiliation unknown1
Haidil AdhaAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad AmriAffiliation unknown1
RachmatanAffiliation unknown1
JuarniAffiliation unknown1
Az ZahrawaaniAffiliation unknown1
Yospin Kala' KawandodaAffiliation unknown1
Arham SuhardiAffiliation unknown1
Syahrun RamadhanAffiliation unknown1
FikriahAffiliation unknown1
Andi Erwin Eka PutraAffiliation unknown1
Amalia Ananda ReskyanaAffiliation unknown1
AshuryAffiliation unknown1
Baharuddin HariyantoAffiliation unknown1
RahimAffiliation unknown1
Adiparwata Raka SanjayaAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Gibran Aqlyanulqa'dahAffiliation unknown1
Ian Abdi AwiAffiliation unknown1
Sakka EvanderAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/maritimepark/oai, first harvested 2 Nov 2026, last seen 2 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Risk Analysis of Tugboat Cooling System Using FSA and FMEA Based on Accident Data</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Maharani, Sri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hariyanto, Surya</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">FSA</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">FMEA</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">cooling system</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">tugboat</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">risk analysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Tugboats play an essential role in port activities, but their cooling systems are vulnerable to failures that can potentially trigger serious accidents. This study aims to analyze the risks of tugboat cooling systems through a Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) using the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method based on field surveys and accident data. Data collection was conducted via questionnaires to 12 engine room crew (including the Chief Engine Room Officer, Engineer, and Technician) and the accident investigation report of TB. Kawan Kita XI (2025), which was used as external validation by cross-refencing the documented failure causes with the high-priority FMEA result. This study identified 14 failure modes in 9 key components of the cooling system, assessed based on severity (Severity), frequency (Occurrence), and detection (Detection) on a scale of 1–10. The average value of the 12 respondents was used to calculate the Risk Priority Number (RPN) and Pareto analysis. Key findings revealed six priority risks: mechanical seal leakage (RPN=405), cylinder head cooling jacket cracking (RPN=300), freshwater pump bearing failure (RPN=243), sea chest strainer corrosion (RPN=216), temperature control valve sticking (RPN=216), and internal cooler leakage (RPN=168). These six modes accounted for 82.6% of the total risk, consistent with the Pareto principle. The uniqueness of this study lies in the integration of multi-vessel survey data, a more accurate 1–10 rating scale, and validation from actual accidents. Recommendations include preventive seal replacement, installation of leak sensors, regular valve maintenance, and anti-corrosion protection. This study contributes to strengthening the operational safety of tugboats in Indonesia.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-10-04</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/maritimepark/article/view/51351</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.62012/9adeej15</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Maritime Park: Journal of Maritime Technology and Society; Volume 5, Issue 3, 2026; 404-416</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2828-6669</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2828-7010</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/maritimepark/article/view/51351/15060</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Maritime Park: Journal of Maritime Technology and Society</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>