Abstract Oil palm licensing in Indonesia is not only related to business legality, but also concerns the protection of women’s human rights, environmental justice, and state responsibility in natural resource governance. Oil palm expansion affects women’s access to land, water, food, health, livelihoods, participation, information, and justice, while the licensing and certification regimes remain largely oriented toward administrative compliance and business sustainability. This article aims to formulate CEDAW-based state responsibility for ensuring women’s right to an effective remedy in response to integrity problems in Indonesia’s oil palm licensing system. This research uses normative legal research with conceptual and comparative approaches. The analysis shows that Indonesian positive law has provided constitutional, human rights, environmental, plantation, business licensing, and sustainable palm oil certification frameworks, but it has not explicitly regulated gender-responsive standards for restoring women’s rights. This weakness is reflected in the absence of gender-responsive human rights due diligence obligations, the lack of integrated indicators for women’s rights restoration in licensing and certification, and fragmented institutional coordination. The novelty of this article lies in the model of state responsibility based on CEDAW due diligence through the concept of gender environmental justice and a limited comparison with Malaysia. The study concludes that the state has an active obligation to prevent, protect, fulfill, and restore women’s rights in oil palm licensing. Oil palm licensing should be directed toward a CEDAW based gender responsive due diligence model so that women’s right to an effective remedy becomes an integral part of oil palm governance in Indonesia.
Bahasa Indonesia
Perizinan sawit di Indonesia tidak hanya berkaitan dengan legalitas usaha, tetapi juga menyangkut perlindungan hak asasi perempuan, keadilan lingkungan, dan tanggung jawab negara dalam tata kelola sumber daya alam. Ekspansi sawit berpengaruh terhadap akses perempuan atas tanah, air, pangan, kesehatan, penghidupan, partisipasi, informasi, dan keadilan, sementara rezim perizinan serta sertifikasi sawit masih cenderung berorientasi pada kepatuhan administratif dan keberlanjutan usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan tanggung jawab negara berbasis CEDAW dalam pemulihan hak perempuan atas problem integritas perizinan sawit di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan komparatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa hukum positif Indonesia telah menyediakan dasar konstitusional, HAM, lingkungan, perkebunan, perizinan berusaha, dan sertifikasi sawit berkelanjutan, tetapi belum secara eksplisit mengatur standar pemulihan hak perempuan yang responsif gender. Kelemahan tersebut terlihat pada absennya kewajiban gender-responsive human rights due diligence, belum terintegrasinya indikator pemulihan hak perempuan dalam perizinan dan sertifikasi, serta masih sektoralnya koordinasi kelembagaan. Kebaruan artikel ini terletak pada model tanggung jawab negara berbasis due diligence CEDAW melalui konsep keadilan lingkungan gender dan perbandingan terbatas dari Malaysia. Simpulan penelitian ini bahwa negara wajib mencegah, melindungi, memenuhi, dan memulihkan hak perempuan dalam perizinan sawit secara aktif. Perizinan sawit perlu diarahkan pada model gender-responsive due diligence berbasis CEDAW agar pemulihan hak perempuan menjadi bagian integral dalam tata kelola sawit di Indonesia
Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.