SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ULTRAPROCESSED FOOD CONSUMPTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SEMARANG CITY

Nugraheni, Sri Achadi; Handayani, Oktia Woro Kasmini; Maria, Ida Leida

doi:10.30597/hjph.v7i3.54717

Open access Jurnal

SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ULTRAPROCESSED FOOD CONSUMPTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SEMARANG CITY

Hasanuddin Journal of Public Health (HJPH) · Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026) · pp. 288–298

DOI: 10.30597/hjph.v7i3.54717
ISSN: 2721-2408
Published: 2026-10-21
Publisher: Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar
Language: en
License: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Abstract

Background: Ultra-Processed Food (UPF) consumption among adolescents is increasing and is associated with the risk of overweight and non-communicable diseases. Purpose: This study aimed to analyse the association of sex, parents income, advertising exposure, and eating behaviour with UPF consumption among junior high school students in Semarang City, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three junior high schools in Semarang City in 2026 among 297 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, including a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Data were analysed using univariate analysis, the chi-square test, and binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 62.63% of students had high UPF consumption. Advertising exposure (p<0.001) and eating behaviour (p<0.001) were significantly associated with UPF consumption, whereas sex (p=0.778) and parents income (p=0.315) were not. Advertising exposure was the most dominant factor (OR=4.40; 95% CI: 2.58–7.49), followed by negative eating behaviour (OR=3.88; 95% CI: 2.28–6.60). Conclusion: Advertising exposure and eating behaviour are the main determinants of UPF consumption among junior high school students. School-based media literacy and nutrition education, together with stronger regulation of food marketing to children and adolescents, should be prioritised.

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Co-author	Organisation	Joint articles
Andi Zulkifli Abdullah	Affiliation unknown	1
Latifah Rahmaniah	Affiliation unknown	1
Nabila Ramadhani Arsyad Arsyad	Affiliation unknown	1
Suriah Yusdalifa	Affiliation unknown	1
Aeni Nahdiyati	Affiliation unknown	1
Azaluddin Azaluddin	Affiliation unknown	1
Arlin Adam	Affiliation unknown	1
Zamli Zamli	Affiliation unknown	1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/hjph/oai, first harvested 2 Nov 2026, last seen 2 Nov 2026.

Original metadata (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ULTRAPROCESSED FOOD CONSUMPTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SEMARANG CITY</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nugraheni, Sri Achadi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Handayani, Oktia Woro Kasmini</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Maria, Ida Leida</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ultra-processed food;</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">adolescents;</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">advertising exposure;</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">eating behaviour;</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">parents income;</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: Ultra-Processed Food (UPF) consumption among adolescents is increasing and is associated with the risk of overweight and non-communicable diseases. Purpose: This study aimed to analyse the association of sex, parents income, advertising exposure, and eating behaviour with UPF consumption among junior high school students in Semarang City, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three junior high schools in Semarang City in 2026 among 297 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, including a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Data were analysed using univariate analysis, the chi-square test, and binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 62.63% of students had high UPF consumption. Advertising exposure (p&amp;lt;0.001) and eating behaviour (p&amp;lt;0.001) were significantly associated with UPF consumption, whereas sex (p=0.778) and parents income (p=0.315) were not. Advertising exposure was the most dominant factor (OR=4.40; 95% CI: 2.58–7.49), followed by negative eating behaviour (OR=3.88; 95% CI: 2.28–6.60). Conclusion: Advertising exposure and eating behaviour are the main determinants of UPF consumption among junior high school students. School-based media literacy and nutrition education, together with stronger regulation of food marketing to children and adolescents, should be prioritised.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-10-21</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/hjph/article/view/54717</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.30597/hjph.v7i3.54717</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Hasanuddin Journal of Public Health (HJPH); Vol. 7 No. 3: OCTOBER 2026; 288-298</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-2408</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.30597/hjph.v7i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/hjph/article/view/54717/15154</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 by author</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>