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Physicochemical Properties of Chicken Nuggets with Various Types of Flour Substitutes and Carrot Addition

Hasanuddin Journal of Animal Science (HAJAS) · Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 1–12

DOI
10.20956/hajas.v8i1.43384
ISSN
2621-9190, 2621-9182
Published
2026-04-19
Publisher
Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the effect of using wheat flour, breadfruit flour, and a combination of both, as well as the addition of carrots, on the quality of chicken nuggets. This study was conducted in two experimental stages using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Stage I used a 3x4 factorial RAL pattern with 3 repetitions. Factor A (Type of flour) consisted of wheat flour (X), a mixture of wheat flour and breadfruit flour (Y), and breadfruit flour (Z). Factor B (flour level) included 7.5%; 15%; 22.5%; and 30%. Stage II used a single-factor RAL with four treatments of carrot addition levels (P): 7.5%; 15%; 22.5%; and 30%, each repeated three times. The research parameters included cooking loss, meat shear force, and water holding capacity (stage I) as well as cooking loss, meat shear force, water holding capacity, dietary fiber, and β-carotene (stage II). Phase I research showed that the type and level of flour had a very significant effect (P<0.05) on water holding capacity and meat shear force. The use of 15% breadfruit flour and 30% carrot gave the best results in cooking loss (5.00%), β-carotene (245.13 µg/100g), and dietary fiber (5.82%). Keywords: Nuggets, breadfruit flour, carrots, physicochemical properties

Collaboration network of the authors

13 authors · 21 co-authorship links

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
J. C. LikadjaAffiliation unknown2
F. MaruddinAffiliation unknown1
W. A. I. HassaniAffiliation unknown1
M. HattaAffiliation unknown1
S. TriatmojoAffiliation unknown1
Y. ErwantoAffiliation unknown1
A. FudholiAffiliation unknown1
N. NahariahAffiliation unknown1
H. FattahAffiliation unknown1
Hatijah HatijahAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/hajas/oai, first harvested 2 Nov 2026, last seen 2 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc)
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Physicochemical Properties of Chicken Nuggets with Various Types of Flour Substitutes and Carrot Addition</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Simollah, A. A.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hikmah, H.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Said, M.I.</dc:creator>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study aimed to analyze the effect of using wheat flour, breadfruit flour, and a combination of both, as well as the addition of carrots, on the quality of chicken nuggets. This study was conducted in two experimental stages using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Stage I used a 3x4 factorial RAL pattern with 3 repetitions. Factor A (Type of flour) consisted of wheat flour (X), a mixture of wheat flour and breadfruit flour (Y), and breadfruit flour (Z). Factor B (flour level) included 7.5%; 15%; 22.5%; and 30%. Stage II used a single-factor RAL with four treatments of carrot addition levels (P): 7.5%; 15%; 22.5%; and 30%, each repeated three times. The research parameters included cooking loss, meat shear force, and water holding capacity (stage I) as well as cooking loss, meat shear force, water holding capacity, dietary fiber, and β-carotene (stage II). Phase I research showed that the type and level of flour had a very significant effect (P&amp;lt;0.05) on water holding capacity and meat shear force. The use of 15% breadfruit flour and 30% carrot gave the best results in cooking loss (5.00%), β-carotene (245.13 µg/100g), and dietary fiber (5.82%).
Keywords: Nuggets, breadfruit flour, carrots, physicochemical properties</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-19</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/hajas/article/view/43384</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20956/hajas.v8i1.43384</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Hasanuddin Journal of Animal Science (HAJAS); Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026); 1-12</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2621-9190</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2621-9182</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/hajas/article/view/43384/14320</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 A. A. Simollah, H. Hikmah, M.I. Said</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>