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Effectiveness of Insulin Injection Technique on Glycemic Control of Fasting Plasma Glucose and HbA1c in Type II DM Patients at Hasanuddin University Hospital: Randomized Controlled Trial

Indonesian Contemporary Nursing Journal (ICON Journal) · Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 134–143

DOI
10.20956/icon.v9i2.42527
ISSN
2686-116X, 2528-2557
Published
2025-02-27
Publisher
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Hasanuddin
Language
en

Abstract

Aims: To identify the effectiveness of insulin injection techniques (injection method, injectionlocation, insulin pen, and drug dose) on glycemic control of HbA1c and Fasting Plasma Glucose(FPG) in Type II DM patients.Methods: The design of this study was quantitative experimental using a Randomized ControlledTrials (RCT) research design with non-blinding in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus whohad received insulin therapy. The sample consisted of 60 Type II DM patients and consisted of30 intervention groups and 30 control groups.Results: There were significant results on the level of knowledge (p=0.043), accuracy of insulinuse (p=0.002), and insulin injection skills (p=0.017) in patients in the intervention group beforeand after education, but there was no significant difference in the control group. In addition, inthe intervention group, there was a substantial and controlled decrease in GDP and HbA1c levelswith a value of (p=0.000), while in the control group, there were no significant results with(p=0.104).Conclusion: Our findings highlight the role of insulin injection techniques (injection method,injection site, insulin pen use, and dosage) in controlling FPG and HbA1c glycemic levels inpatients with Type II DM.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

9 authors · 21 co-authorship links

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  • Tadulako University
  • Affiliation unknown
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Muhammad AliTadulako University1
Muhayyina WahidahAffiliation unknown1
Rezki SelpiatyAffiliation unknown1
Andi Rifka Yuliana SariAffiliation unknown1
Sahrullah SahrullahAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/icon/oai, first harvested 2 Nov 2026, last seen 2 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Effectiveness of Insulin Injection Technique on Glycemic Control of Fasting Plasma Glucose and HbA1c in Type II DM Patients at Hasanuddin University Hospital: Randomized Controlled Trial</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Semi, Herlina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ahmad, Sitti Musdalifah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Tuti, Meylani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Islam, Alif Muhammad</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">fasting plasma glucose</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">glycemic levels</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">HbA1c</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">insulin injection technique</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">type II DM patients</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Aims: To identify the effectiveness of insulin injection techniques (injection method, injectionlocation, insulin pen, and drug dose) on glycemic control of HbA1c and Fasting Plasma Glucose(FPG) in Type II DM patients.Methods: The design of this study was quantitative experimental using a Randomized ControlledTrials (RCT) research design with non-blinding in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus whohad received insulin therapy. The sample consisted of 60 Type II DM patients and consisted of30 intervention groups and 30 control groups.Results: There were significant results on the level of knowledge (p=0.043), accuracy of insulinuse (p=0.002), and insulin injection skills (p=0.017) in patients in the intervention group beforeand after education, but there was no significant difference in the control group. In addition, inthe intervention group, there was a substantial and controlled decrease in GDP and HbA1c levelswith a value of (p=0.000), while in the control group, there were no significant results with(p=0.104).Conclusion: Our findings highlight the role of insulin injection techniques (injection method,injection site, insulin pen use, and dosage) in controlling FPG and HbA1c glycemic levels inpatients with Type II DM.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Hasanuddin</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-02-27</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Original Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/icon/article/view/42527</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20956/icon.v9i2.42527</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Indonesian Contemporary Nursing Journal (ICON Journal); Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Volume 9 Nomor 2 Februari 2025; 134-143</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2686-116X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2528-2557</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/icon/article/view/42527/12594</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Contemporary Nursing Journal (ICON Journal)</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>