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An analysis of Politeness Strategies in Indonesian English Textbooks

ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities · Vol. 2 No. 4 (2019) · pp. 529–540

DOI
10.34050/els-jish.v2i4.8393
ISSN
2621-0835, 2621-0843
Published
2019-12-16
Publisher
Hasanuddin University
Language
en

Abstract

The research aimed explores politeness approaches in EFL textbooks, especially Indonesian English textbooks. There were two textbooks which analysed as the sample for this study. The textbooks entitled “Talk Active 1” and “Talk Active 2: Language and Culture Programme”. The researcher limited the analysis on the dialogs which provided as materials in the textbooks. Brown & Levinson's (1987) politeness strategies were applied to categorize the data. The researcher applied content analysis method proposed by Denscombe, (2010) as the research method. The results of the study revealed bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record were reflected in the Indonesian English textbooks. Both types of bald on-record strategies were found in the Indonesian English textbooks. However, there were only three types of off-records strategies were reflected in the textbooks. The finding revealed 11 types of positive politeness as strategy follows: S1: Notice, attend to hearer; S2: Exaggerate, S3: Intensify interest to hearer; S4: Use in-group identity markers; S6: Avoid disagreement; S7: Presuppose/assert/raise common ground; S8: Joke; S10: Offer, promise; S12: Include both speaker and hearer in the activity; S13: Give (or ask for) reasons; S14: assume or assert reciprocity. The result also presented 8 types of negative politeness as follows: S1: Be conventionally indirect; S2: Question, hedge; S3: Be pessimistic; S4: Minimize the imposition; S5: Give deference; S6: Apologize; S7: Impersonalize speaker and hearer and S10: Go on record as incurring a debt, or as not indebting hearer. The analysis showed positive and negative politeness strategies were central strategies that reflected in the textbooks. It proved that Indonesian English textbooks have pragmatics input for the students.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

20 authors · 30 co-authorship links · 4 across different organisations

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Sebelas Maret University
  • Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Kuntum Palupi SetyaningsihAffiliation unknown2
Irwan SyahrirUniversitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya1
Iwan VananyInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Joko NurkamtoSebelas Maret University1
Muhammad AnsoriAffiliation unknown1
Desika RinandaAffiliation unknown1
Sri Samiati TarjanaAffiliation unknown1
Abdul AsibSebelas Maret University1
Anjar Nur CholifahAffiliation unknown1
Sri MarmantoSebelas Maret University1
Wisma WijayantiAffiliation unknown1
Diah KristinaSebelas Maret University1
Intan PermatasariAffiliation unknown1
Slamet SupriyadiAffiliation unknown1
Hj. Fadhilah Harahab PutriAffiliation unknown1
Ngadiso NgadisoAffiliation unknown1
Novita Indah PurwaningsihAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jish/oai, first harvested 3 Nov 2026, last seen 3 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc)
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">An analysis of Politeness Strategies in Indonesian English Textbooks</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Meiratnasari, Ayu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wijayanto, Agus</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Suparno, Suparno</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Politeness Strategies</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">EFL Textbooks</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Content Analysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Indonesian English Textbooks</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pragmatics</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The research aimed explores politeness approaches in EFL textbooks, especially Indonesian English textbooks. There were two textbooks which analysed as the sample for this study. The textbooks entitled “Talk Active 1” and “Talk Active 2: Language and Culture Programme”. The researcher limited the analysis on the dialogs which provided as materials in the textbooks. Brown &amp;amp; Levinson's (1987) politeness strategies were applied to categorize the data. The researcher applied content analysis method proposed by Denscombe, (2010) as the research method. The results of the study revealed bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record were reflected in the Indonesian English textbooks. Both types of bald on-record strategies were found in the Indonesian English textbooks. However, there were only three types of off-records strategies were reflected in the textbooks. The finding revealed 11 types of positive politeness as strategy follows: S1: Notice, attend to hearer; S2: Exaggerate, S3: Intensify interest to hearer; S4: Use in-group identity markers; S6: Avoid disagreement; S7: Presuppose/assert/raise common ground; S8: Joke; S10: Offer, promise; S12: Include both speaker and hearer in the activity; S13: Give (or ask for) reasons; S14: assume or assert reciprocity. The result also presented 8 types of negative politeness as follows: S1: Be conventionally indirect; S2: Question, hedge; S3: Be pessimistic; S4: Minimize the imposition; S5: Give deference; S6: Apologize; S7: Impersonalize speaker and hearer and S10: Go on record as incurring a debt, or as not indebting hearer. The analysis showed positive and negative politeness strategies were central strategies that reflected in the textbooks. It proved that Indonesian English textbooks have pragmatics input for the students.  </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Hasanuddin University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2019-12-16</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jish/article/view/8393</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.34050/els-jish.v2i4.8393</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities; Vol. 2 No. 4 (2019): DECEMBER; 529-540</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2621-0835</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2621-0843</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.34050/els-jish.v2i4</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jish/article/view/8393/4490</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2019 ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities</dc:rights>
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