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The Analysis of Renal Anatomy and Histological Changes of Green Iguana (Iguana Iguana) After Feeding With Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.)

Jurnal Riset Veteriner Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Veterinary Research) · Vol. UME No. 1 (2019)

ISSN
2615-2835, 2614-0187
Published
2019-04-08
Publisher
Hasanuddin University
Language
en

Abstract

Background and Objective: Iguana breeders usually used red spinach as a feed for iguanas. However, several studies have indicated that red spinach contains oxalate and purine which are harmful if consumed at a certain level because they can interfere with kidney function. This study aimed to investigate the change of anatomy and histology of green iguana (Iguana iguana) kidney after feeding with red spinach. Materials and methods: Twelve iguanas were used in this study and were divided into four groups in accordance to the dose level of red spinach (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%, namely group I to IV, respectively). The red spinach was given for 30 days through the nasogastric intubation. The effect of red spinach administration was observed through the anatomy and histological changes. The results were statistically analyzed with One Way ANOVA with p<0.05 was considered significant, and Post Hoc Test. The histopathology change of the kidney was analyzed descriptively. Results: The administration of red spinach in iguanas caused some anatomy changes of the kidney; such as the enlargement of iguana’s kidney. The histological findings included the enlargement of the glomerulus, capsular space constriction, hydropic degeneration, tubular dilation, necrosis, and formation of connective tissue (fibrosis), uric acid crystal sediment (gout), oxalate crystal, and lymphocyte infiltration. Among four different dose levels of red spinach, 100% of red spinach caused the highest damage to the iguana’s kidney. The significant change grew as the increasing dose of red spinach that was given to the green iguanas’ bodies. Conclusion: Red spinach caused changes in anatomy structure as well as kidney histology of green iguanas. Severe damages occurred in the treatment group III, moderate damage occurredin the treatment group II, and light damage occurred in the treatment group I. Keywords: Green iguana, Red spinach, Kidney, Anatomy Change, Histology Change

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 109 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Affiliation unknown
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  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Fadhliyah MalikAffiliation unknown3
Mentarry BafadalAffiliation unknown3
Sahidin SahidinAffiliation unknown3
Irfan IdrisAffiliation unknown3
Abdul Wahid JamaluddinAffiliation unknown3
Dian FatmawatiAffiliation unknown3
Nurul Sulfi AndiniAffiliation unknown3
Rini HamsidiAffiliation unknown2
Asrul SaniAffiliation unknown2
Waode Santa MonicaAffiliation unknown2
Yulia Yusrini DjabirAffiliation unknown2
Muhammad husni CangaraAffiliation unknown2
M Aryadi ArsyadAffiliation unknown2
Sartini NatsirAffiliation unknown2
Rini AmrianiAffiliation unknown2
Andi Magfira Satya ApadaAffiliation unknown2
Baso YusufAffiliation unknown2
Fedri RellAffiliation unknown2
Adryani RisAffiliation unknown2
RasdiyanahAffiliation unknown2
Nur Alif BahmidAffiliation unknown2
Harleli HarleliUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Sartiah YusranAffiliation unknown1
Nur Illiyyin AkibAffiliation unknown1
Andryani NingsiAffiliation unknown1
Dwi Nur SaktianiAffiliation unknown1
Suryani SuryaniUniversitas Halu Oleo1
RAHMANPIU RAHMANPIUAffiliation unknown1
Dian AriastikaAffiliation unknown1
Henny KasmawatiUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Nur RahmayaniAffiliation unknown1
Asniah AsniahUniversitas Halu Oleo1
MUHAMMAD TAUFIKAffiliation unknown1
Parawansah ParawansahAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Nasrum MassiAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jrvi/oai, first harvested 3 Nov 2026, last seen 3 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The Analysis of Renal Anatomy and Histological Changes of Green Iguana (Iguana Iguana) After Feeding With Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.)</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nurjunitar, Annita Vury</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Purba, Fika Yuliza</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wahyuni, Wahyuni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ismartoyo, Ismartoyo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sari, Dwi Kesuma</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Green iguana</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Red spinach</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Kidney</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Anatomy change</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Histology change</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background and Objective: Iguana breeders usually used red spinach as a feed for iguanas. However, several studies have indicated that red spinach contains oxalate and purine which are harmful if consumed at a certain level because they can interfere with kidney function. This study aimed to investigate the change of anatomy and histology of green iguana (Iguana iguana) kidney after feeding with red spinach. Materials and methods: Twelve iguanas were used in this study and were divided into four groups in accordance to the dose level of red spinach (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%, namely group I to IV, respectively). The red spinach was given for 30 days through the nasogastric intubation. The effect of red spinach administration was observed through the anatomy and histological changes. The results were statistically analyzed with One Way ANOVA with p&amp;lt;0.05 was considered significant, and Post Hoc Test. The histopathology change of the kidney was analyzed descriptively. Results: The administration of red spinach in iguanas caused some anatomy changes of the kidney; such as the enlargement of iguana’s kidney. The histological findings included the enlargement of the glomerulus, capsular space constriction, hydropic degeneration, tubular dilation, necrosis, and formation of connective tissue (fibrosis), uric acid crystal sediment (gout), oxalate crystal, and lymphocyte infiltration. Among four different dose levels of red spinach, 100% of red spinach caused the highest damage to the iguana’s kidney. The significant change grew as the increasing dose of red spinach that was given to the green iguanas’ bodies. Conclusion:  Red spinach caused changes in anatomy structure as well as kidney histology of green iguanas. Severe damages occurred in the treatment group III, moderate damage occurredin the treatment group II, and light damage occurred in the treatment group I. Keywords: Green iguana, Red spinach, Kidney, Anatomy Change, Histology Change</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Hasanuddin University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2019-04-08</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jrvi/article/view/5816</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Riset Veteriner Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Veterinary Research); VOLUME 3 No. 1, JANUARY 2019</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2615-2835</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2614-0187</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jrvi/article/view/5816/3407</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2019 Jurnal Riset Veteriner Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Veterinary Research)</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>