Characteristics of Land-Sea Breeze Circulations along the West Coast of West Sumatra Using Observations and WRF-ARW Simulations

Halawa, Reinal Taruna Wahyu; Qomariyatuzzamzami, Latifah Nurul; Haryanto, Yosafat Donni; Avrionesti, Avrionesti

doi:10.70561/geocelebes.v10i2.52334

Open access Jurnal

Characteristics of Land-Sea Breeze Circulations along the West Coast of West Sumatra Using Observations and WRF-ARW Simulations

JURNAL GEOCELEBES · Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026) · pp. 322–342

DOI: 10.70561/geocelebes.v10i2.52334
ISSN: 2579-5546, 2579-5821
Published: 2026-10-02
Publisher: Departemen Geofisika, FMIPA - Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar
Language: en
License: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

Land–sea breeze circulation is an important mesoscale atmospheric phenomenon in tropical coastal areas, yet its behavior and interaction with complex topography remain insufficiently understood along the west coast of West Sumatra. This study examined land–sea breeze characteristics and atmospheric dynamics during the 2025 dry season using Automatic Weather Station (AWS) observations and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations with the Advanced Research WRF (WRF-ARW) dynamical core. Events were identified using a modified Six Filters method, and three representative cases were selected for numerical simulation and detailed atmospheric analysis. Model performance was evaluated against surface observations, while horizontal, vertical, and time–height analyses examined circulation evolution and structure. A total of 51 events were identified at AWS Digi Minangkabau. Sea-breeze circulation generally developed between 02 and 03 UTC and reached its mature phase between 06 and 09 UTC. WRF-ARW reproduced the observed evolution of near-surface temperature and wind fields and captured the main circulation characteristics. Marine air penetrated inland toward the foothills of the Bukit Barisan, where strong convergence and upward motion occurred. The circulation was mainly confined to the lower troposphere, with a typical depth of 1–2 km and a defined return flow aloft. These findings indicate that land–sea breeze evolution is influenced by differential land–sea heating and topographic modulation by the Bukit Barisan.

Keywords

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Co-author	Organisation	Joint articles
Daniar Ihza Carundyatama	Affiliation unknown	1
Avrionesti	Affiliation unknown	1
Purwanti Lelly Sabrina	Affiliation unknown	1
Muhammad Fadhillah	Affiliation unknown	1
Rafli Iqbal Taufiqi	Affiliation unknown	1
Adilaksa Kharisma	Affiliation unknown	1
Farhan Oktaviansyah Hidayat	Affiliation unknown	1
Attiya Shakila Giananti	Affiliation unknown	1
Jerremy Mezac Sopacua	Affiliation unknown	1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/geocelebes/oai, first harvested 3 Nov 2026, last seen 3 Nov 2026.

Original metadata (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Characteristics of Land-Sea Breeze Circulations along the West Coast of West Sumatra Using Observations and WRF-ARW Simulations</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Halawa, Reinal Taruna Wahyu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Qomariyatuzzamzami, Latifah Nurul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Haryanto, Yosafat Donni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Avrionesti, Avrionesti</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Atmospheric Dynamics</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Coastal Circulation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Land–Sea Breeze</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">West Sumatra</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">WRF-ARW</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Land–sea breeze circulation is an important mesoscale atmospheric phenomenon in tropical coastal areas, yet its behavior and interaction with complex topography remain insufficiently understood along the west coast of West Sumatra. This study examined land–sea breeze characteristics and atmospheric dynamics during the 2025 dry season using Automatic Weather Station (AWS) observations and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations with the Advanced Research WRF (WRF-ARW) dynamical core. Events were identified using a modified Six Filters method, and three representative cases were selected for numerical simulation and detailed atmospheric analysis. Model performance was evaluated against surface observations, while horizontal, vertical, and time–height analyses examined circulation evolution and structure. A total of 51 events were identified at AWS Digi Minangkabau. Sea-breeze circulation generally developed between 02 and 03 UTC and reached its mature phase between 06 and 09 UTC. WRF-ARW reproduced the observed evolution of near-surface temperature and wind fields and captured the main circulation characteristics. Marine air penetrated inland toward the foothills of the Bukit Barisan, where strong convergence and upward motion occurred. The circulation was mainly confined to the lower troposphere, with a typical depth of 1–2 km and a defined return flow aloft. These findings indicate that land–sea breeze evolution is influenced by differential land–sea heating and topographic modulation by the Bukit Barisan.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Departemen Geofisika, FMIPA - Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-10-02</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/geocelebes/article/view/52334</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.70561/geocelebes.v10i2.52334</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">JURNAL GEOCELEBES; Vol. 10 No. 2: October 2026; 322–342</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2579-5546</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2579-5821</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/geocelebes/article/view/52334/15084</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL GEOCELEBES</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>