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SUSCEPTIBLE VACCINATED INFECTED RECOVERED MODEL WITH THE EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AND ITS APPLICATION TO PNEUMONIA DATA IN INDONESIA

BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan · Vol. 19 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 999–1008

DOI
10.30598/barekengvol19iss2pp999-1008
ISSN
2615-3017, 1978-7227
Published
2025-04-01
Publisher
PATTIMURA UNIVERSITY
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

The spread of infectious diseases can occur directly or indirectly. Pneumonia is an infectious respiratory tract disease. Indonesia is among the top 10 countries in the world concerning deaths caused by pneumonia. The spread of infectious diseases can be prevented through vaccination and exclusive breastfeeding, which play a role in providing body immunity. This study aims to formulate an SVIR model with exclusive breastfeeding, apply it to pneumonia in Indonesia, and determine its spread pattern and interpretation regarding the target of free pneumonia by 2030. The methods used were literature and applied studies. Through literature studies, the characteristics of infectious diseases were identified, assumptions and parameters of the model were added, and relationships between variables were determined. The applied method was to estimate the parameters and initial values of the model based on annual data on pneumonia disease in Indonesia. The formulated model is a system of first-order nonlinear differential equations. The model is applied to pneumonia based on annual data from 2013 to 2022 in Indonesia, and its solution is determined using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Based on the model solution and 2021-2022 data, a MAPE value of 15% is obtained, indicating that the model is sufficiently accurate in explaining the spread of pneumonia in Indonesia. The spread pattern of pneumonia in Indonesia from 2013 to 2030 indicates a downward. However, as of 2030, there are still 67,261 individuals infected, indicating that the target of pneumonia-free Indonesia has not been achieved. Simulation shows that with exclusive breastfeeding rate value = 0.438852 and Hib vaccination rate = 0.25 it is estimated that the target of free pneumonia in Indonesia in 2030 will be achieved. The free target can also be achieved by increasing the exclusive breastfeeding rate to 73.9% and the Hib vaccination rate to 0.22.

Collaboration network of the authors

26 authors · 58 co-authorship links

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  • Binus University
  • Affiliation unknown
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Sutanto SutantoAffiliation unknown6
Krisna SidiqAffiliation unknown3
Antoni WibowoBinus University2
Nughthoh Arfawi KurdhiAffiliation unknown2
Siti Roqhilu YumarohAffiliation unknown2
Sela Putri IndriatiAffiliation unknown2
Fahri Aimar KusumoAffiliation unknown2
Nicolas Ray Amarco TambunanAffiliation unknown2
Husnun Nur Ghiffari Putri RiyansyahAffiliation unknown1
Bowo WinarnoAffiliation unknown1
Arifah Mufidah LestariAffiliation unknown1
Ria Puan AdhitamaAffiliation unknown1
Heri PrasetyoAffiliation unknown1
Fadiah KhairinaAffiliation unknown1
Gusti Ngurah Adhi WibowoAffiliation unknown1
Andjani Ayu Cahaya TanjungAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Nazhif Abda Putera KhanoAffiliation unknown1
Alexander Yonathan ChristyAffiliation unknown1
Aslina BaharumAffiliation unknown1
Anas IvanniAffiliation unknown1
Harun Al RasyidAffiliation unknown1
Andre Fajry Al BarraAffiliation unknown1
Ghaitsa Shafa Cinta KanantaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/barekeng/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 5 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">SUSCEPTIBLE VACCINATED INFECTED RECOVERED MODEL WITH THE EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AND ITS APPLICATION TO PNEUMONIA DATA IN INDONESIA</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Widyaningsih, Purnami</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Musta'in, Ghufron</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Saputro, Dewi Retno Sari</dc:creator>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The spread of infectious diseases can occur directly or indirectly. Pneumonia is an infectious respiratory tract disease. Indonesia is among the top 10 countries in the world concerning deaths caused by pneumonia. The spread of infectious diseases can be prevented through vaccination and exclusive breastfeeding, which play a role in providing body immunity. This study aims to formulate an SVIR model with exclusive breastfeeding, apply it to pneumonia in Indonesia, and determine its spread pattern and interpretation regarding the target of free pneumonia by 2030. The methods used were literature and applied studies. Through literature studies, the characteristics of infectious diseases were identified, assumptions and parameters of the model were added, and relationships between variables were determined. The applied method was to estimate the parameters and initial values of the model based on annual data on pneumonia disease in Indonesia. The formulated model is a system of first-order nonlinear differential equations. The model is applied to pneumonia based on annual data from 2013 to 2022 in Indonesia, and its solution is determined using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Based on the model solution and 2021-2022 data, a MAPE value of 15% is obtained, indicating that the model is sufficiently accurate in explaining the spread of pneumonia in Indonesia. The spread pattern of pneumonia in Indonesia from 2013 to 2030 indicates a downward. However, as of 2030, there are still 67,261 individuals infected, indicating that the target of pneumonia-free Indonesia has not been achieved. Simulation shows that with exclusive breastfeeding rate value  = 0.438852 and Hib vaccination rate  &amp;nbsp;= 0.25 it is estimated that the target of free pneumonia in Indonesia in 2030 will be achieved. The free target can also be achieved by increasing the exclusive breastfeeding rate to 73.9% and the Hib vaccination rate to 0.22.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">PATTIMURA UNIVERSITY</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-04-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/barekeng/article/view/15170</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.30598/barekengvol19iss2pp999-1008</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan; Vol 19 No 2 (2025): BAREKENG: Journal of Mathematics and Its Application; 999-1008</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2615-3017</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-7227</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.30598/barekengvol19iss2year2025</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/barekeng/article/view/15170/9917</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Purnami Widyaningsih, Ghufron Musta'in, Dewi Retno Sari Saputro</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>