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GAME THEORY AND MARKOV CHAIN ANALYSIS OF THE DISPLACEMENT OF SHOPPING MALL VISITORS IN SURAKARTA CITY

BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan · Vol. 19 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 1047–1056

DOI
10.30598/barekengvol19iss2pp1047-1056
ISSN
2615-3017, 1978-7227
Published
2025-04-01
Publisher
PATTIMURA UNIVERSITY
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

The era of globalization has led to changes in social patterns and lifestyles. With these changes, shopping malls were built to fulfill the community’s needs. This study aims to analyze the displacement of visitors in three shopping malls in Surakarta City, namely Solo Paragon Mall, Solo Grand Mall, and Solo Square, using game theory and the Markov chain. Game theory is used to determine the optimal strategy of each shopping mall based on six indicators of visitor satisfaction, namely product diversity, presence of transportation modes, distance, price, facilities, and services. Saddle points are obtained by pure strategy. The calculation results with the game theory method resulted in three competitions. The first competition between Solo Paragon Mall and Solo Grand Mall obtained the optimal strategy of Solo Paragon Mall is product diversity. At the same time, Solo Grand Mall is the existence of transportation modes. The second competition between Solo Paragon Mall and Solo Square obtained the optimal strategy of Solo Paragon Mall, which is product diversity, while Solo Square's optimal strategy is service. Lastly, the third competition, Solo Grand Mall and Solo Square, obtained the optimal strategy of Solo Grand Mall is the presence of transportation modes and Solo Square is service. Markov chain is used to calculate the transition probability of visitors and steady state, which shows that Solo Paragon Mall is more desirable with a steady state probability of 0.4459, followed by Solo Square 0.3584 and Solo Grand Mall 0.1957. The results of this study can help shopping malls evaluate and improve their strategies to increase loyalty and attract new visitors.

Collaboration network of the authors

26 authors · 55 co-authorship links

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  • Binus University
  • Universitas Sulawesi Tenggara
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Dewi Retno Sari SaputroAffiliation unknown6
Ririn SetiyowatiAffiliation unknown2
Vika Yugi KurniawanAffiliation unknown2
Purnami WidyaningsihAffiliation unknown2
Bowo WinaroAffiliation unknown1
Arifah Mufidah LestariAffiliation unknown1
Ria Puan AdhitamaAffiliation unknown1
Andjani Ayu Cahaya TanjungAffiliation unknown1
Antoni WibowoBinus University1
Muhammad Nazhif Abda Putera KhanoAffiliation unknown1
Alexander Yonathan ChristyAffiliation unknown1
Aslina BaharumAffiliation unknown1
Cynthia Rizky AmeliaAffiliation unknown1
Putri WulandariUniversitas Sulawesi Tenggara1
Anas IvanniAffiliation unknown1
Krisna SidiqAffiliation unknown1
Harun Al RasyidAffiliation unknown1
Bayu PurboutomoAffiliation unknown1
Ghaitsa Shafa Cinta KanantaAffiliation unknown1
Yogi Pasca PratamaAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Bagus SistriatmajaAffiliation unknown1
Beny Trias OktoraAffiliation unknown1
Salju Indara Zeith GeisthAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/barekeng/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 5 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">GAME THEORY AND MARKOV CHAIN ANALYSIS OF THE DISPLACEMENT OF SHOPPING MALL VISITORS IN SURAKARTA CITY</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Rizkita, Nabiella Zahra</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sutanto, Sutanto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kurdhi, Nughthoh Arfawi</dc:creator>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The era of globalization has led to changes in social patterns and lifestyles. With these changes, shopping malls were built to fulfill the community’s needs. This study aims to analyze the displacement of visitors in three shopping malls in Surakarta City, namely Solo Paragon Mall, Solo Grand Mall, and Solo Square, using game theory and the Markov chain. Game theory is used to determine the optimal strategy of each shopping mall based on six indicators of visitor satisfaction, namely product diversity, presence of transportation modes, distance, price, facilities, and services. Saddle points are obtained by pure strategy. The calculation results with the game theory method resulted in three competitions. The first competition between Solo Paragon Mall and Solo Grand Mall obtained the optimal strategy of Solo Paragon Mall is product diversity. At the same time, Solo Grand Mall is the existence of transportation modes. The second competition between Solo Paragon Mall and Solo Square obtained the optimal strategy of Solo Paragon Mall, which is product diversity, while Solo Square's optimal strategy is service. Lastly, the third competition, Solo Grand Mall and Solo Square, obtained the optimal strategy of Solo Grand Mall is the presence of transportation modes and Solo Square is service. Markov chain is used to calculate the transition probability of visitors and steady state, which shows that Solo Paragon Mall is more desirable with a steady state probability of 0.4459, followed by Solo Square 0.3584 and Solo Grand Mall 0.1957. The results of this study can help shopping malls evaluate and improve their strategies to increase loyalty and attract new visitors.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">PATTIMURA UNIVERSITY</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-04-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/barekeng/article/view/15211</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.30598/barekengvol19iss2pp1047-1056</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan; Vol 19 No 2 (2025): BAREKENG: Journal of Mathematics and Its Application; 1047-1056</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2615-3017</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-7227</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.30598/barekengvol19iss2year2025</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/barekeng/article/view/15211/9960</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Nabiella Zahra Rizkita, Sutanto Sutanto, Nughthoh Arfawi Kurdhi</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>