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Analysis of the Effects of Light Emitting Diode (LED) Phototherapy on the Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Rabbits Using Repeated Measures Longitudinal ANOVA

Jurnal Matematika, Statistika dan Komputasi · Vol. 22 No. 3 (2026) · hlm. 602–616

DOI
10.20956/j.v22i3.49375
ISSN
2614-8811, 1858-1382
Terbit
2026-05-14
Penerbit
Department of Mathematics, Hasanuddin University
Bahasa
en
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

This study examined the longitudinal effects of Light Emitting Diode (LED) phototherapy on hematological (hemoglobin) and biochemical (creatinine) parameters in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Although LED phototherapy is widely applied as a non-invasive treatment, its systemic effects in repeated-measure settings remain limited. Fourteen rabbits were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 7) and a treatment group (n = 7). The treatment group received two 12-hour LED phototherapy sessions on consecutive days, while the control group underwent identical conditions without LED activation. Hemoglobin and creatinine levels were measured at three time points and analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA, with assumption testing for normality, homogeneity, and sphericity; Greenhouse–Geisser correction was applied when necessary. The results showed that observation time significantly affected hemoglobin (p = 0.004967) and creatinine levels (p = 0.03577), indicating temporal physiological changes that occurred regardless of treatment exposure. However, no significant differences were observed between the control and treatment groups for hemoglobin (p = 0.936) or creatinine (p = 0.357), and no significant group–time interaction was detected, suggesting that the observed changes were independent of LED phototherapy. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons based on estimated marginal means (EMMs) with Tukey adjustment revealed a significant increase in hemoglobin from time 0 to time 1 and a significant difference in creatinine between time 1 and time 2, further supporting that these variations reflect natural physiological processes rather than treatment-induced effects. These findings indicate a lack of evidence of treatment effect under the studied conditions, although the relatively small sample size warrants cautious interpretation. Future studies with larger samples are recommended.

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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Suliyanto SuliyantoUniversitas Airlangga5
Elly AnaUniversitas Airlangga3
Sediono SedionoUniversitas Airlangga3
Nur ChamidahUniversitas Airlangga2
Ardi KurniawanUniversitas Airlangga2
Najwa Khoir AldawiyahUniversitas Airlangga2
Idrus SyahzaqiUniversitas Airlangga2
Berliani LarasatiUniversitas Airlangga1
Qumadha Zaenal AbidinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Juan Krisfigo PrasetyoUniversitas Airlangga1
Alma Khalisa RahmaUniversitas Airlangga1
Steven SoewignjoUniversitas Airlangga1
Ni Wayan Widya Septia SariUniversitas Airlangga1
Andini Putri MedianiUniversitas Airlangga1
M. Aqil Zaidan KamilUniversitas Airlangga1
Rosidun Nindyo PratiwiUniversitas Airlangga1
Nathania FauziahUniversitas Airlangga1
Bimo Okta SyahputraUniversitas Airlangga1
Ahmad Wahyu FirmandaUniversitas Airlangga1
Mega Kurnia DyaksaUniversitas Airlangga1
Anggi Triya VionitaUniversitas Airlangga1
Galuh Cahya NugrahaUniversitas Airlangga1
Billy Christandy SuyonoUniversitas Airlangga1
Muhammad Rosyid Ridho Az ZuhroUniversitas Airlangga1
Tentri Ryan RahmanitaUniversitas Airlangga1
Kimberly Maserati SiagianUniversitas Airlangga1
Nadinta Kasih AmaliaUniversitas Airlangga1
Nadya Lovita Hana TrisaUniversitas Airlangga1
Gabriella Agnes BudijonoUniversitas Airlangga1
Rere Fetri DamanikUniversitas Airlangga1
Azizah Atsariyyah ZhafiraUniversitas Airlangga1
Azzah Nazhifa Wina RamadhaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Aulia RamadhantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
M. Nabil SaputraUniversitas Airlangga1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jmsk/oai, pertama di-harvest 5 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Analysis of the Effects of Light Emitting Diode (LED) Phototherapy on the Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Rabbits Using Repeated Measures Longitudinal ANOVA</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Amelia, Dita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Suliyanto, Suliyanto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ghasani, Anisah Nabilah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rahmawati, Nike Meliana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nisya’, Dwi Syarifatun</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Alya, Dinda Rahma</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">LED Photography</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hematological</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biochemical</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Repeated Measures ANOVA</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rabbit Model</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study examined the longitudinal effects of Light Emitting Diode (LED) phototherapy on hematological (hemoglobin) and biochemical (creatinine) parameters in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Although LED phototherapy is widely applied as a non-invasive treatment, its systemic effects in repeated-measure settings remain limited. Fourteen rabbits were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 7) and a treatment group (n = 7). The treatment group received two 12-hour LED phototherapy sessions on consecutive days, while the control group underwent identical conditions without LED activation. Hemoglobin and creatinine levels were measured at three time points and analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA, with assumption testing for normality, homogeneity, and sphericity; Greenhouse–Geisser correction was applied when necessary. The results showed that observation time significantly affected hemoglobin (p = 0.004967) and creatinine levels (p = 0.03577), indicating temporal physiological changes that occurred regardless of treatment exposure. However, no significant differences were observed between the control and treatment groups for hemoglobin (p = 0.936) or creatinine (p = 0.357), and no significant group–time interaction was detected, suggesting that the observed changes were independent of LED phototherapy. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons based on estimated marginal means (EMMs) with Tukey adjustment revealed a significant increase in hemoglobin from time 0 to time 1 and a significant difference in creatinine between time 1 and time 2, further supporting that these variations reflect natural physiological processes rather than treatment-induced effects. These findings indicate a lack of evidence of treatment effect under the studied conditions, although the relatively small sample size warrants cautious interpretation. Future studies with larger samples are recommended.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Department of Mathematics, Hasanuddin University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-05-14</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jmsk/article/view/49375</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20956/j.v22i3.49375</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Matematika, Statistika dan Komputasi; Vol. 22 No. 3 (2026): May 2026; 602-616</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2614-8811</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1858-1382</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jmsk/article/view/49375/14413</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Matematika, Statistika dan Komputasi</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>