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Determinants of Coffee Farmers' Income: Logistic Regression Analysis in North Toraja Regency

Determinan Pendapatan Petani Kopi: Analisis Regresi Logistik di Kabupaten Toraja Utara

Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian · Vol. 21 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 117–134

ISSN
2598-5922, 0853-8395
Published
2025-11-25
Publisher
Hasanuddin University
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstract

English

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing coffee farmers’ income in Buntu Pepasan Subdistrict, North Toraja Regency. A binary logistic regression method was employed with 100 respondents selected using the Lemeshow formula. The dependent variable was farmers’ income, categorized as high or low, while the independent variables included fifteen factors, such as land size, land productivity, number of coffee trees, production costs, coffee bean quality, coffee price, certification and quality standards, weather conditions, and other related factors. The results reveal that eight variables have a positive and significant effect on farmers’ income: land size, land productivity, number of coffee trees, production costs, coffee bean quality, coffee price, certification and quality standards, and weather conditions. Conversely, two variables—access to credit and capital, and pest and disease attacks—show a negative effect. The remaining four variables were found to have no significant impact. The Nagelkerke R Square value of 71.2% indicates that the model effectively explains most variations in farmers’ income. These findings highlight that improving farmers’ income relies not only on increasing production but also on enhancing product quality and strengthening institutional management, such as certification. The results provide a scientific basis for formulating policies that focus on improving productivity, strengthening quality standards and certification, enhancing financing systems, and developing pest and disease control strategies. Ultimately, this approach can boost the competitiveness of Toraja coffee and strengthen Indonesia’s position in the global coffee market.

Bahasa Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat pendapatan petani kopi di Kecamatan Buntu Pepasan, Kabupaten Toraja Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi logistik biner dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 responden yang dipilih menggunakan rumus Lemeshow. Variabel dependen adalah tingkat pendapatan petani yang dikategorikan menjadi tinggi dan rendah, sedangkan variabel independen terdiri atas lima belas faktor, antara lain luas lahan, produktivitas lahan, jumlah pohon kopi, biaya produksi, kualitas biji kopi, harga kopi, sertifikasi dan standar mutu, cuaca, serta beberapa faktor lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa delapan variabel berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan petani, yaitu luas lahan, produktivitas lahan, jumlah pohon kopi, biaya produksi, kualitas biji kopi, harga kopi, sertifikasi dan standar mutu, serta cuaca. Sementara itu, dua variabel, yaitu akses terhadap kredit dan modal serta serangan hama dan penyakit, berpengaruh negatif. Empat variabel lainnya tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan. Nilai Nagelkerke R Square sebesar 71,2% menunjukkan bahwa model ini mampu menjelaskan sebagian besar variasi pendapatan petani kopi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pendapatan petani tidak hanya ditentukan oleh peningkatan produksi, tetapi juga kualitas produk dan pengelolaan kelembagaan, seperti sertifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi perumusan kebijakan yang berfokus pada peningkatan produktivitas, penguatan mutu dan sertifikasi, perbaikan sistem pembiayaan, serta strategi pengendalian hama dan penyakit. Dengan demikian, daya saing kopi Toraja dapat ditingkatkan, sekaligus memperkuat posisi Indonesia di pasar kopi global.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

16 authors · 34 co-authorship links

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
A AmrullahAffiliation unknown2
Niken Ayu MardiantiAffiliation unknown1
Saadah SaadahAffiliation unknown1
Rahmawaty A NadjaAffiliation unknown1
Ni Made Viantika SulianderiAffiliation unknown1
Yulfirah YusufAffiliation unknown1
Hatta JamilAffiliation unknown1
M. Rusli RukkaAffiliation unknown1
Rahim DarmaAffiliation unknown1
Yunus MusaAffiliation unknown1
Ria IndrianiAffiliation unknown1
Nimade ViantikaAffiliation unknown1
Hastika HastikaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jsep/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 5 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc)
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Determinants of Coffee Farmers' Income: Logistic Regression Analysis  in North Toraja Regency </dc:title>
	<dc:title xml:lang="id">Determinan Pendapatan Petani Kopi: Analisis Regresi Logistik  di Kabupaten Toraja Utara</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Syam, Siti Hardiyanti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Tenriawaru, A. Nixia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ampangallo, Riswa</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="id">Syam, Siti Hardiyanti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="id">Tenriawaru, A. Nixia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="id">Ampangallo, Riswa</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">Pendapatan petani</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">Kopi</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">Regresi Logistik Biner</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">Toraja Utara</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">farmers’ income</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">coffee</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">binary logistic regression</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">North Toraja</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study aims to analyze the factors influencing coffee farmers’ income in Buntu Pepasan Subdistrict, North Toraja Regency. A binary logistic regression method was employed with 100 respondents selected using the Lemeshow formula. The dependent variable was farmers’ income, categorized as high or low, while the independent variables included fifteen factors, such as land size, land productivity, number of coffee trees, production costs, coffee bean quality, coffee price, certification and quality standards, weather conditions, and other related factors. The results reveal that eight variables have a positive and significant effect on farmers’ income: land size, land productivity, number of coffee trees, production costs, coffee bean quality, coffee price, certification and quality standards, and weather conditions. Conversely, two variables—access to credit and capital, and pest and disease attacks—show a negative effect. The remaining four variables were found to have no significant impact. The Nagelkerke R Square value of 71.2% indicates that the model effectively explains most variations in farmers’ income. These findings highlight that improving farmers’ income relies not only on increasing production but also on enhancing product quality and strengthening institutional management, such as certification. The results provide a scientific basis for formulating policies that focus on improving productivity, strengthening quality standards and certification, enhancing financing systems, and developing pest and disease control strategies. Ultimately, this approach can boost the competitiveness of Toraja coffee and strengthen Indonesia’s position in the global coffee market.</dc:description>
	<dc:description xml:lang="id">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat pendapatan petani kopi di Kecamatan Buntu Pepasan, Kabupaten Toraja Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi logistik biner dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 responden yang dipilih menggunakan rumus Lemeshow. Variabel dependen adalah tingkat pendapatan petani yang dikategorikan menjadi tinggi dan rendah, sedangkan variabel independen terdiri atas lima belas faktor, antara lain luas lahan, produktivitas lahan, jumlah pohon kopi, biaya produksi, kualitas biji kopi, harga kopi, sertifikasi dan standar mutu, cuaca, serta beberapa faktor lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa delapan variabel berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan petani, yaitu luas lahan, produktivitas lahan, jumlah pohon kopi, biaya produksi, kualitas biji kopi, harga kopi, sertifikasi dan standar mutu, serta cuaca. Sementara itu, dua variabel, yaitu akses terhadap kredit dan modal serta serangan hama dan penyakit, berpengaruh negatif. Empat variabel lainnya tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan. Nilai Nagelkerke R Square sebesar 71,2% menunjukkan bahwa model ini mampu menjelaskan sebagian besar variasi pendapatan petani kopi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pendapatan petani tidak hanya ditentukan oleh peningkatan produksi, tetapi juga kualitas produk dan pengelolaan kelembagaan, seperti sertifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi perumusan kebijakan yang berfokus pada peningkatan produktivitas, penguatan mutu dan sertifikasi, perbaikan sistem pembiayaan, serta strategi pengendalian hama dan penyakit. Dengan demikian, daya saing kopi Toraja dapat ditingkatkan, sekaligus memperkuat posisi Indonesia di pasar kopi global.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Hasanuddin University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-11-25</dc:date>
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	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jsep/article/view/47295</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian; Vol. 21 No. 2 (2025): June, 2025; 117-134</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id">Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian; Vol 21 No 2 (2025): Juni, 2025; 117-134</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2598-5922</dc:source>
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