Melola Discovery

← Melola Discovery

Akses terbuka Jurnal

Gender, Anxiety, and Depression in Connection to Hikikomori

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia · Vol. 21 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 80–87

DOI
10.30597/mkmi.v21i1.37014
ISSN
2356-4067, 0216-2482
Terbit
2025-03-31
Penerbit
Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar
Bahasa
en
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

Abstrak

Hikikomori is a mental health condition characterized by social withdrawal, causing distress for both the affected individuals and those around them. While factors such as gender, anxiety, and depression have been linked to hikikomori, research on this condition in Indonesia remains limited. This study investigated the association between gender, depression, and anxiety with the risk of hikikomori in West Lombok, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hospital X in West Lombok, Indonesia, involving 60 patients with depression attending the Mental Health Polyclinic. The respondent ages ranged from 20 to 79 years. Data on gender, depression, anxiety, and hikikomori were collected using self-rated questionnaires and analysed with the Chi-square test. The results showed that patients with moderate-severe anxiety had a fivefold increased risk of hikikomori (OR=5.00; 95% CI=1.42-17.57; p=0.009). Female patients were 2.5 times more likely to be at risk compared with male patients, while those with moderate-severe depression had a 2.83 times higher risk. However, this association was not statistically significant. The study concluded that anxiety is a significant risk factor for hikikomori, whereas the association between gender and depression requires further investigation. Understanding these relationships is crucial for developing targeted mental health interventions and improving support for individuals at risk of hikikomori in Indonesia.

Kata kunci

Jaringan kolaborasi para penulis

8 penulis · 16 tautan kepenulisan bersama · 7 lintas organisasi

Arahkan kursor atau ketuk sebuah nama untuk menyorot rekan penulisnya. Klik dua kali untuk membuka halaman penulis.

  • Universitas Islam Al-Azhar
  • Hospital Kuala Lumpur
  • Politeknik Negeri Jember
  • Universitas Indonesia Mandiri
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Organisasi berbeda
  • Organisasi sama
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Garis lebih tebal = lebih banyak artikel bersama · lingkaran lebih besar = lebih banyak artikel
Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Artha Budi Susila DuarsaUniversitas Indonesia Mandiri1
Aena MardiahUniversitas Islam Al-Azhar1
Dasti AnditiarinaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/oai, pertama di-harvest 5 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Gender, Anxiety, and Depression in Connection to Hikikomori</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Adiwibawa, Danang Nur</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Anulus, Ayu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Azmi, Fahriana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yoon, Chee Kok</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Delimasari, Trisakti Halimah</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hikikimori</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Gender</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Depression</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Anxiety</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Lombok</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Hikikomori is a mental health condition characterized by social withdrawal, causing distress for both the affected individuals and those around them. While factors such as gender, anxiety, and depression have been linked to hikikomori, research on this condition in Indonesia remains limited. This study investigated the association between gender, depression, and anxiety with the risk of hikikomori in West Lombok, Indonesia.  A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hospital X in West Lombok, Indonesia, involving 60 patients with depression attending the Mental Health Polyclinic. The respondent ages ranged from 20 to 79 years. Data on gender, depression, anxiety, and hikikomori were collected using self-rated questionnaires and analysed with the Chi-square test.  The results showed that patients with moderate-severe anxiety had a fivefold increased risk of hikikomori (OR=5.00; 95% CI=1.42-17.57; p=0.009). Female patients were 2.5 times more likely to be at risk compared with male patients, while those with moderate-severe depression had a 2.83 times higher risk. However, this association was not statistically significant.  The study concluded that anxiety is a significant risk factor for hikikomori, whereas the association between gender and depression requires further investigation. Understanding these relationships is crucial for developing targeted mental health interventions and improving support for individuals at risk of hikikomori in Indonesia.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-03-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/37014</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.30597/mkmi.v21i1.37014</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia; Vol. 21 No. 1: MARCH 2025; 80-87</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2356-4067</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0216-2482</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.30597/mkmi.v21i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/37014/13309</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 by author</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>