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Risk Analysis of Pesticide Exposure Associated with Reduced Cholinesterase Levels in Indonesian Farm Workers: A Meta-Analysis

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia · Vol. 21 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 155–165

DOI
10.30597/mkmi.v21i2.43217
ISSN
2356-4067, 0216-2482
Terbit
2025-06-30
Penerbit
Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar
Bahasa
en
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

Abstrak

Pesticide exposure remains a major occupational health problem, with the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting between 1 and 5 million cases of pesticide poisoning annually among agricultural workers. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with pesticide poisoning by conducting a meta-analysis of published research. The meta-analysis was performed in four stages: data abstraction, statistical analysis using JASP Version 0.18.3, heterogeneity testing, and publication bias assessment. The random-effects model was applied to the variables of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use and length of work, as the heterogeneity test indicated significant variation between studies (p = 0.001). In contrast, the fixed-effects model was used for individual hygiene (p = 0.006). Egger’s test showed no indication of publication bias for PPE use (p = 0.356) and length of work (p = 0.395). The results revealed that PPE use increased the risk of decreased cholinesterase levels by 1.584 times, poor individual hygiene by 1.954 times, and working more than 5 hours by 1.665 times. In conclusion, individual hygiene was identified as the most significant risk factor. Farmers who neglect personal hygiene practices, such as bathing after spraying or changing clothes immediately, face a substantially greater risk of reduced cholinesterase levels due to pesticide poisoning.

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Ana Islamiyah SyamilaAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Khaidar AliAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ramadhan TosepuUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Yahdi FitrahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad Izzan NaserAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ricko Pratama RidzkyantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Alisa Ulinuha ZulfaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Dida Putri Awal MardikaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rizka Dyah PitalokaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Herwinda Ainun KarimaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Risa WulandariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Delina Krisnauli SafitriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Reny IndrayaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Prehatin Trirahayu NingrumAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ellyke EllykeAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Isa MarufiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Anita Dewi MoelyaningrumAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ragil Ismi HartantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rahayu Sri PujiatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
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Syifa Ula HamidyaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nur UlfahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yemima Sahmura VividiaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Roro AzizahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Arih Puspita MurtiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Annisa Fitria NurdiansariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/oai, pertama di-harvest 5 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 5 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Risk Analysis of Pesticide Exposure Associated with Reduced Cholinesterase Levels in Indonesian Farm Workers: A Meta-Analysis</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Azizah, R</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Jalaludin, Juliana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rizaldi, Muhammad Addin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nurika, Globila</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sholehhudin, Mochammad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Salsabila, Zaneta Aaqilah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Naura, Zafira Nuha</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pesticides</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cholinesterase</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Personal Protective Equipment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Personal Hygiene</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Length of Work</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Pesticide exposure remains a major occupational health problem, with the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting between 1 and 5 million cases of pesticide poisoning annually among agricultural workers. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with pesticide poisoning by conducting a meta-analysis of published research. The meta-analysis was performed in four stages: data abstraction, statistical analysis using JASP Version 0.18.3, heterogeneity testing, and publication bias assessment. The random-effects model was applied to the variables of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use and length of work, as the heterogeneity test indicated significant variation between studies (p = 0.001). In contrast, the fixed-effects model was used for individual hygiene (p = 0.006). Egger’s test showed no indication of publication bias for PPE use (p = 0.356) and length of work (p = 0.395). The results revealed that PPE use increased the risk of decreased cholinesterase levels by 1.584 times, poor individual hygiene by 1.954 times, and working more than 5 hours by 1.665 times. In conclusion, individual hygiene was identified as the most significant risk factor. Farmers who neglect personal hygiene practices, such as bathing after spraying or changing clothes immediately, face a substantially greater risk of reduced cholinesterase levels due to pesticide poisoning.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-06-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/43217</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.30597/mkmi.v21i2.43217</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia; Vol. 21 No. 2: JUNE 2025; 155-165</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2356-4067</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0216-2482</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.30597/mkmi.v21i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/43217/13582</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 by author</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>