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The Effect of Pesticide Exposure on Metabolic Syndrome: An Epidemiological Analysis in an Agricultural Population

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia · Vol. 21 No. 3 (2025) · hlm. 286–297

DOI
10.30597/mkmi.v21i3.46352
ISSN
2356-4067, 0216-2482
Terbit
2025-09-30
Penerbit
Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar
Bahasa
en
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

Abstrak

Metabolic syndrome, characterised by hyperglycaemia, dyslipi-daemia, hypertension, and central obesity, is a global health problem, and exposure to pesticides is an important risk factor for agricultural workers. This study aims to analyse the effects of pesticide exposure, sociodemographic factors, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usage behaviour on glucose levels, HDL, and LDL in farmers in Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 farmers selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews, fasting blood tests, and analysed using the chi-square test with a significance level of 95%. The results showed a high prevalence of high blood glucose (56.7%), low HDL (35.0%), and high LDL (55.0%). Pesticide exposure was significantly associated with glucose levels (p=0.043), with hypergly-caemia being higher in the high-exposure group (70.8%) compared to the low-exposure group (33.3%). Age was also significant for glucose (p = 0.046), with a higher prevalence in the ≥40 years group (65.8%) compared to the 40 years group (40.9%). The use of PPE showed a significant association with all metabolic parameters: higher glucose levels were more common in the non-routine PPE use group (70.6% vs. 38.5%; p = 0.012), lower HDL levels were higher in the non-routine group (44.1% vs. 23.1%; p=0.043), and higher LDL levels were more common in the non-routine group (64.7% vs. 42.3%; p = 0.046). These findings confirm that pesticide exposure, age, and APD usage behaviour contribute to metabolic disorders among farmers. Occupational health interventions emphasizing APD use, routine metabolic screening, and community-based education are needed to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in the agricultural population.

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  • Cenderawasih University
  • Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya
  • Poltekkes Kemenkes Pontianak
  • Institut Marin Borneo
  • IPB University
  • North Sumatra Islamic University
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Supeni SufaatiCenderawasih University11
Verena AgustiniCenderawasih University7
Rosye H.R. TanjungCenderawasih University7
Puguh SujartaCenderawasih University7
Irma RahayuCenderawasih University3
Farmawaty FarmawatyCenderawasih University3
Daniel LantangCenderawasih University2
Suwito SuwitoCenderawasih University2
Irma RahayuCenderawasih University2
Siti JahrohIPB University2
Muhammad Alwi MustahaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad AsaadNorth Sumatra Islamic University1
Rachmaniyah RachmaniyahPoltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya1
Winny AmaliaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Vita PurnamasariCenderawasih University1
Cahya Putri IrawanCenderawasih University1
Evie N. QomariahCenderawasih University1
Ira A. PutriCenderawasih University1
ALFRED ALFONSO ANTOHCenderawasih University1
Sipriana DogomoCenderawasih University1
Leonardo A. NumberiCenderawasih University1
Roma M. ManaluCenderawasih University1
Marseline G. MailisaCenderawasih University1
Irene SuebuCenderawasih University1
Wehelmina LahalloCenderawasih University1
Yemeus HelakomboCenderawasih University1
Septriyanto DirgantaraCenderawasih University1
Dirk Y.P. RuntuboiCenderawasih University1
Imam MishbachCenderawasih University1
Yulindra Margaretha NumberiCenderawasih University1
Daniel Z.K. WambrauwCenderawasih University1
Lolita Constantia TuhumenaCenderawasih University1
Efray WanimboCenderawasih University1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/oai, pertama di-harvest 5 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The Effect of Pesticide Exposure on Metabolic Syndrome: An Epidemiological Analysis in an Agricultural Population</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ipmawati, Putri Arida</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rusmiati, Rusmiati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Suharno, Suharno</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Irianto, Tommy Denie</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sidiq, Alfino Validita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Estim, Abentin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wardoyo, Slamet</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pesticide Exposure</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Metabolic Syndrome</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Blood Glucose</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Lipid Profile</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">PPE</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Metabolic syndrome, characterised by hyperglycaemia, dyslipi-daemia, hypertension, and central obesity, is a global health problem, and exposure to pesticides is an important risk factor for agricultural workers. This study aims to analyse the effects of pesticide exposure, sociodemographic factors, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usage behaviour on glucose levels, HDL, and LDL in farmers in Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 farmers selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews, fasting blood tests, and analysed using the chi-square test with a significance level of 95%. The results showed a high prevalence of high blood glucose (56.7%), low HDL (35.0%), and high LDL (55.0%). Pesticide exposure was significantly associated with glucose levels (p=0.043), with hypergly-caemia being higher in the high-exposure group (70.8%) compared to the low-exposure group (33.3%). Age was also significant for glucose (p = 0.046), with a higher prevalence in the ≥40 years group (65.8%) compared to the 40 years group (40.9%). The use of PPE showed a significant association with all metabolic parameters: higher glucose levels were more common in the non-routine PPE use group (70.6% vs. 38.5%; p = 0.012), lower HDL levels were higher in the non-routine group (44.1% vs. 23.1%; p=0.043), and higher LDL levels were more common in the non-routine group (64.7% vs. 42.3%; p = 0.046). These findings confirm that pesticide exposure, age, and APD usage behaviour contribute to metabolic disorders among farmers. Occupational health interventions emphasizing APD use, routine metabolic screening, and community-based education are needed to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in the agricultural population.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-09-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/46352</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.30597/mkmi.v21i3.46352</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia; Vol. 21 No. 3: SEPTEMBER 2025; 286-297</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2356-4067</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0216-2482</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.30597/mkmi.v21i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/46352/13624</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 by author</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>