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Effect of Copper Sulfate Impregnation on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Sengon and Coconut Wood: Pengaruh Impregnasi Tembaga Sulfat terhadap Sifat Fisis-Mekanis Kayu Sengon dan Kelapa

Pengaruh Impregnasi Tembaga Sulfat terhadap Sifat Fisis-Mekanis Kayu Sengon dan Kelapa: Effect of Copper Sulfate Impregnation on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Sengon and Coconut Wood

PERENNIAL · Vol. 22 No. 2 (2026) · pp. 93–100

DOI
10.24259/perennial.v22i2.53690
ISSN
2685-6859, 1412-7784
Published
2026-10-31
Publisher
Forestry Faculty of Hasanuddin University
Language
en

Abstract

English

This study investigated the effect of copper sulfate (CuSO₄) impregnation on the physical and mechanical properties of sengon wood (Falcataria moluccana) and coconut wood (Cocos nucifera) for green building applications. Wood samples aged 7 years from Samarinda, East Kalimantan, were treated using a vacuum-pressure impregnation method. Physical properties were evaluated through weight percent gain (WPG) and density, while mechanical properties were assessed by modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR). CuSO₄ impregnation significantly increased WPG and density in both species, with coconut wood showing higher absorption in WPG (21.84%) than sengon wood (14.47%) due to its more porous structure. MOE decreased in both species after treatment, with a greater reduction in sengon wood due to its lower density. For MOR, sengon wood showed a slight decrease, whereas coconut wood demonstrated an increase from 587.42 to 663.96 kg/cm², attributed to the interaction between the impregnation solution and its denser fiber structure. CuSO₄ impregnation was more effective in enhancing the bending strength of coconut wood, though the stiffness reduction in both species should be considered for sustainable building material applications.

Bahasa Indonesia

Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh impregnasi dengan tembaga sulfat (CuSO₄) terhadap sifat fisik dan mekanik kayu sengon (Falcataria moluccana) dan kayu kelapa (Cocos nucifera) untuk aplikasi bangunan ramah lingkungan. Sampel kayu berusia 7 tahun yang berasal dari Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, diolah menggunakan metode impregnasi vakum-tekan. Sifat fisik dievaluasi melalui persen kenaikan berat (WPG) dan kerapatan, sedangkan sifat mekanik dinilai berdasarkan modulus elastisitas (MOE) dan modulus patah (MOR). Impregnasi CuSO₄ secara signifikan meningkatkan WPG dan kerapatan pada kedua jenis kayu tersebut, dengan kayu kelapa menunjukkan nilai persen kenaikan berat yang lebih tinggi (21,84%) dibandingkan kayu sengon (14,47%) karena strukturnya yang lebih berpori. MOE menurun pada kedua jenis kayu setelah perlakuan, dengan penurunan yang lebih besar pada kayu sengon karena kerapatannya yang lebih rendah. Untuk MOR, kayu sengon menunjukkan penurunan yang sedikit, sedangkan kayu kelapa menunjukkan peningkatan dari 587,42 kg/cm² menjadi 663,96 kg/cm², yang dikaitkan dengan interaksi antara larutan impregnasi dan struktur seratnya yang lebih padat. Impregnasi CuSO₄ lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan kekuatan lentur kayu kelapa, meskipun penurunan kekakuan pada kedua jenis kayu tersebut perlu dipertimbangkan untuk aplikasi bahan bangunan berkelanjutan.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

27 authors · 106 co-authorship links

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
MusakkirAffiliation unknown2
Arnida MustafaAffiliation unknown2
Fitria Cita DirnaAffiliation unknown2
IntiraAffiliation unknown1
Hardiyanti RahmayanaAffiliation unknown1
Nurul Handayani BasriAffiliation unknown1
Sri SudewiAffiliation unknown1
Kasman JayaAffiliation unknown1
SayaniAffiliation unknown1
Amir IlyasAffiliation unknown1
Ully Tasya SimanungkalitAffiliation unknown1
. HasniarAffiliation unknown1
Agung Nugrawan KutanaAffiliation unknown1
Nisrina Putri HanifahAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/perennial/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 5 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Effect of Copper Sulfate Impregnation on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Sengon and Coconut Wood: Pengaruh Impregnasi Tembaga Sulfat terhadap Sifat Fisis-Mekanis Kayu Sengon dan Kelapa</dc:title>
	<dc:title xml:lang="id">Pengaruh Impregnasi Tembaga Sulfat terhadap Sifat Fisis-Mekanis Kayu Sengon dan Kelapa: Effect of Copper Sulfate Impregnation on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Sengon and Coconut Wood</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wahyuningtyas, Irma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zarta, Abdul Rasyid</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zahroni, Teguh Rizali</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ratnawati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Anisa, Cici</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Akbar, Muhammad Rafli</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Widodo, Jane Secilia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Widodo, Janice Celsia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Afandi, Fatmawati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Gelung, Fransisco Carles</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kristin, Diana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rajaluhu, Brayen Daniel</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yan, Martinus</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Coconut Wood</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Copper Sulfate</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Impregnation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Physical-Mechanical Properties</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Sengon Wood</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">Impregnasi</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">Kayu Kelapa</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">Kayu Sengon</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">Sifat Fisis-Mekanis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">Tembaga Sulfat</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">



This study investigated the effect of copper sulfate (CuSO₄) impregnation on the physical and mechanical properties of sengon wood (Falcataria moluccana) and coconut wood (Cocos nucifera) for green building applications. Wood samples aged 7 years from Samarinda, East Kalimantan, were treated using a vacuum-pressure impregnation method. Physical properties were evaluated through weight percent gain (WPG) and density, while mechanical properties were assessed by modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR). CuSO₄ impregnation significantly increased WPG and density in both species, with coconut wood showing higher absorption in WPG (21.84%) than sengon wood (14.47%) due to its more porous structure. MOE decreased in both species after treatment, with a greater reduction in sengon wood due to its lower density. For MOR, sengon wood showed a slight decrease, whereas coconut wood demonstrated an increase from 587.42 to 663.96 kg/cm², attributed to the interaction between the impregnation solution and its denser fiber structure. CuSO₄ impregnation was more effective in enhancing the bending strength of coconut wood, though the stiffness reduction in both species should be considered for sustainable building material applications.




 </dc:description>
	<dc:description xml:lang="id">



Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh impregnasi dengan tembaga sulfat (CuSO₄) terhadap sifat fisik dan mekanik kayu sengon (Falcataria moluccana) dan kayu kelapa (Cocos nucifera) untuk aplikasi bangunan ramah lingkungan. Sampel kayu berusia 7 tahun yang berasal dari Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, diolah menggunakan metode impregnasi vakum-tekan. Sifat fisik dievaluasi melalui persen kenaikan berat (WPG) dan kerapatan, sedangkan sifat mekanik dinilai berdasarkan modulus elastisitas (MOE) dan modulus patah (MOR). Impregnasi CuSO₄ secara signifikan meningkatkan WPG dan kerapatan pada kedua jenis kayu tersebut, dengan kayu kelapa menunjukkan nilai persen kenaikan berat yang lebih tinggi (21,84%) dibandingkan kayu sengon (14,47%) karena strukturnya yang lebih berpori. MOE menurun pada kedua jenis kayu setelah perlakuan, dengan penurunan yang lebih besar pada kayu sengon karena kerapatannya yang lebih rendah. Untuk MOR, kayu sengon menunjukkan penurunan yang sedikit, sedangkan kayu kelapa menunjukkan peningkatan dari 587,42 kg/cm² menjadi 663,96 kg/cm², yang dikaitkan dengan interaksi antara larutan impregnasi dan struktur seratnya yang lebih padat. Impregnasi CuSO₄ lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan kekuatan lentur kayu kelapa, meskipun penurunan kekakuan pada kedua jenis kayu tersebut perlu dipertimbangkan untuk aplikasi bahan bangunan berkelanjutan.




 </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Forestry Faculty of Hasanuddin University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-10-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
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	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/perennial/article/view/53690</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.24259/perennial.v22i2.53690</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">PERENNIAL; Vol. 22 No. 2 (2026): Vol. 22 No. 2, October 2026; 93-100</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id">PERENNIAL; Vol 22 No 2 (2026): Vol. 22 No. 2, October 2026; 93-100</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2685-6859</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1412-7784</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.24259/perennial.v22i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
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