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The Pattern Recognition of Small-Scale Privately-Owned Forest in Ciamis Regency, West Java, Indonesia

Forest and Society · Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022) · pp. 104–120

DOI
10.24259/fs.v6i1.17997
ISSN
2549-4333, 2549-4724
Published
2022-01-08
Publisher
Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

Small-scale Privately-owned Forest (SSPF) has various patterns identification, based on the stand structure and species composition. The recognition and classification of the SSPF cropping patterns are required for further planning and policy development. Therefore, this study aims to classify the cropping pattern of SSPF in Ciamis Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The data were collected by observing the stand structure and species composition of 150 plots of land, encompassing three Sub-districts representing the central, northern, and southern regions of Ciamis Regency. The four categorical variables include tree species composition, age, spatial distribution, and intercropping pattern. While the two continuous variables were stand density and basal area. The patterns obtained were classified based on a Two-Step Cluster algorithm with log-likelihood distance measure, and auto clustering using Schwarz's Bayesian Information Criterion, validated by silhouette index. In addition, a multicollinearity test was conducted to reduce redundancy in using variable sets. The results showed that, the improvement of the cluster quality based on the silhouette index value, was achievable by excluding the tree spatial distribution variable, which exhibits multicollinearity. The cropping patterns were classified into three categories, namely tree crops, mixed-tree lots, and agrisilviculture for group-1, group-2, and group-3, respectively. Group-1 consisted of stands with one or two commercial tree species, and in several cases, were intercropped. Group-2 contained uneven-aged mixed-tree stands without any crops. While Group-3 consisted of an intercropping system of uneven-aged mixed-tree stands and crops. The results suggest further analysis, in order to relate the cropping patterns with the socio-economic characteristics of the landowners, as well as the strategies for the development of a sustainable SSPF.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

26 authors · 69 co-authorship links

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  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Ahmad MaryudiAffiliation unknown2
Pandu Yudha Adi Putra WirabuanaAffiliation unknown2
Suprapto SupraptoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Wahyu WardhanaAffiliation unknown1
Aditya HaniAffiliation unknown1
Abd. Kadir WakkaAffiliation unknown1
Djoko SoeprijadiAffiliation unknown1
DewantoAffiliation unknown1
Erny PoedjirahajoeAffiliation unknown1
Herawikan MandiriatiAffiliation unknown1
Djoko MarsonoAffiliation unknown1
Bustar MaitarAffiliation unknown1
Jonni MarwaAffiliation unknown1
Sepus M. FatemAffiliation unknown1
Yubelince Y. RuntuboiAffiliation unknown1
Antoni UngirwaluAffiliation unknown1
Mariana Y. PedayAffiliation unknown1
Agustinus MurdjokoAffiliation unknown1
Arnanto NurprabowoAffiliation unknown1
Sigit HardwinartoAffiliation unknown1
Budi DharmawanAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Haidar DaulayAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/fs/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 5 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The Pattern Recognition of Small-Scale Privately-Owned Forest in Ciamis Regency, West Java, Indonesia </dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mohamad, Siarudin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Awang, San Afri </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sadono, Ronggo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Suryanto, Priyono</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Agrisilviculture</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Tree crops</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Stand structure</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Species composition</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Two-step Cluster</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Small-scale Privately-owned Forest (SSPF) has various patterns identification, based on the stand structure and species composition. The recognition and classification of the SSPF cropping patterns are required for further planning and policy development. Therefore, this study aims to classify the cropping pattern of SSPF in Ciamis Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The data were collected by observing the stand structure and species composition of 150 plots of land, encompassing three Sub-districts representing the central, northern, and southern regions of Ciamis Regency. The four categorical variables include tree species composition, age, spatial distribution, and intercropping pattern. While the two continuous variables were stand density and basal area. The patterns obtained were classified based on a Two-Step Cluster algorithm with log-likelihood distance measure, and auto clustering using Schwarz's Bayesian Information Criterion, validated by silhouette index. In addition, a multicollinearity test was conducted to reduce redundancy in using variable sets. The results showed that, the improvement of the cluster quality based on the silhouette index value, was achievable by excluding the tree spatial distribution variable, which exhibits multicollinearity. The cropping patterns were classified into three categories, namely tree crops, mixed-tree lots, and agrisilviculture for group-1, group-2, and group-3, respectively. Group-1 consisted of stands with one or two commercial tree species, and in several cases, were intercropped. Group-2 contained uneven-aged mixed-tree stands without any crops. While Group-3 consisted of an intercropping system of uneven-aged mixed-tree stands and crops. The results suggest further analysis, in order to relate the cropping patterns with the socio-economic characteristics of the landowners, as well as the strategies for the development of a sustainable SSPF.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2022-01-08</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/fs/article/view/17997</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.24259/fs.v6i1.17997</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Forest and Society; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL; 104-120</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2549-4333</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2549-4724</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/fs/article/view/17997/7745</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2022 Forest and Society</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>