Laboratory serves as an important facility for experiment and research activity. The limitation of time, equipment, and capacity in the experiment and research undertaking impede both students and college students in undertaking research for competition preparation, particularly dealing with line follower robot competition which requires a wide space of the room with various track types. Unsettled competition track influences PID control setting of line follower robot. This study aims at developing Virtual Laboratory (V-Lab) for students or college students who are preparing for line follower robot competition with unsettled and changeable tracks. This study concluded that the trial data score reached 98.5%, the material expert score obtained 89.7%, learning model expert score obtained 97.9%, and the average score of small group learning model and field of 82.4%, which the average score of the entire aspects obtained 90.8%.
Collaboration network of the authors
9 authors ·
17 co-authorship links
· 7 across different organisations
Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.
State University of Malang
University of South Australia
Affiliation unknown
Different organisations
Same organisation
Affiliation unknown
Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.