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Strengthening Human Rights Awareness among Children with Uncertain Citizenship Status through Community-Based Legal Education at Sanggar Bimbingan ‘Aisyiyah Kampung Pandan, Malaysia

Jurnal Pengabdian Hukum Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Legal Community Engagement) JPHI · Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026) · hlm. 899–928

DOI
10.15294/jphi.v9i2.58465
ISSN
2654-8313, 2654-8305
Terbit
2026-10-29
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstrak

Malaysia's challenge with children holding unclear citizenship status is a significant human rights issue, especially in migrant communities that face barriers in getting legal identity documents. The absence of documentation does not necessarily imply uncertain citizenship. Still, uncertainty about nationality status may limit children’s access to basic rights such as education, health care, and legal recognition of identity. Sanggar Bimbingan ‘Aisyiyah Kg Pandan is a non-formal educational institution that is run through the network of the Muhammadiyah community in Malaysia, which provides learning for Indonesian migrant children, including those with uncertain citizenship documentation and legal identity. This study aims to study the socio-legal status of children with an uncertain citizenship status and to study the role of community-based legal education in increasing human rights awareness among migrant communities at Sanggar Bimbingan ‘Aisyiyah Kg. Pandan and PCIM Malaysia. The community engagement activities were carried out through the qualitative empirical approach. Field observation, semi-structured informal interviews, participatory engagement, and legal education sessions were used to collect data from children, educators, administrators, parents, and community representatives. The data were thematically analyzed for patterns of uncertainty of citizenship, access to rights, and awareness of human rights. Evaluation: Participants' involvement in the activities was evaluated qualitatively. The results show that there are approximately 30 Indonesian migrant children in Sanggar Bimbingan ‘Aisyiyah Kg. Pandan is not a clear citizen itself. The exact number of undocumented and stateless children in Malaysia is unknown but is thought to be in the tens of thousands. The findings also reveal that legal education and community engagement address issues of uncertain citizenship and human rights. The findings emphasize the significance of community legal education and institutionally collaborative approaches in tackling the problem of ambiguous citizenship and improving human rights protection for migrant children.

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  • Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta
  • Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry
  • The University of Melbourne
  • Universitat Pompeu Fabra
  • Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
  • Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone
  • International Islamic University Malaysia
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  • Organisasi sama
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Mohammad Hazyar ArumbinangThe University of Melbourne5
Rizaldy AnggriawanUniversity of Szeged3
Istianah Zainal AsyiqinMuhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta3
Fadia FitriyantiMuhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta3
Eva Ferrer CorralUniversitat Pompeu Fabra3
Manuel Beltrán GenovésUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid3
Andi Agus SalimUniversitas Jambi2
Gunawan TriyadiMuhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta2
Hilmi Fattahuddhiyaa Putra PramonoMuhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta2
Dinysia Dzakiyya TsaabitaMuhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta2
Muhammad Daffa Auliarizky OnieldaNational Tsing Hua University2
Ani YunitaMuhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta1
Tsai Pei-FenAsia University1
Fawaz Muhammad IhsanMuhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta1
Paulo Andres AndersonUniversitat Pompeu Fabra1
Harun Joko PrayitnoMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta1
Miftachul HudaSultan Idris Education University1
Mohamad AliMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta1
Gamal Abdul Nasir ZakariaUniversiti Brunei Darussalam1
Mohammad Hazyar ArumbinangThe University of Melbourne1
Aisah NurMuhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta1
Fauziah Nauri QistyMuhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta1
Iqlima RachmahUniversitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry1
Nurul ArifahUniversitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry1
Analiansyah AnaliansyahUniversitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry1
Ghiyats Amri WibowoMuhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta1
Carissa Shifa NovendraMuhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta1
Aldha FebrilaMuhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta1
Elvita Anggoro WatiMuhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta1
Ahmad Zulfiqri A. LaluMuhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta1
Lukman ArakeInstitut Agama Islam Negeri Bone1
Ma’adul Yaqien MakkaratengAnkara University1
Ilmiati IlmiatiInstitut Agama Islam Negeri Bone1
Lazimatun NazhifahUniversitas PTIQ Jakarta1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/JPHI/oai, pertama di-harvest 5 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Strengthening Human Rights Awareness among Children with Uncertain Citizenship Status through Community-Based Legal Education at Sanggar Bimbingan ‘Aisyiyah Kampung Pandan, Malaysia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Gunawan, Yordan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zulhuda, Sonny</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Akbar, M. Fabian</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Raqi Pratama, Muhammad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Muhammad Iqbal</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pambudi, Arif Reksa</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Empirical Study</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Human Rights</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Education</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Malaysia</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Citizenship Documentation Uncertainty</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Malaysia's challenge with children holding unclear citizenship status is a significant human rights issue, especially in migrant communities that face barriers in getting legal identity documents. The absence of documentation does not necessarily imply uncertain citizenship. Still, uncertainty about nationality status may limit children’s access to basic rights such as education, health care, and legal recognition of identity. Sanggar Bimbingan ‘Aisyiyah Kg Pandan is a non-formal educational institution that is run through the network of the Muhammadiyah community in Malaysia, which provides learning for Indonesian migrant children, including those with uncertain citizenship documentation and legal identity. This study aims to study the socio-legal status of children with an uncertain citizenship status and to study the role of community-based legal education in increasing human rights awareness among migrant communities at Sanggar Bimbingan ‘Aisyiyah Kg. Pandan and PCIM Malaysia. The community engagement activities were carried out through the qualitative empirical approach. Field observation, semi-structured informal interviews, participatory engagement, and legal education sessions were used to collect data from children, educators, administrators, parents, and community representatives. The data were thematically analyzed for patterns of uncertainty of citizenship, access to rights, and awareness of human rights. Evaluation: Participants' involvement in the activities was evaluated qualitatively. The results show that there are approximately 30 Indonesian migrant children in Sanggar Bimbingan ‘Aisyiyah Kg. Pandan is not a clear citizen itself. The exact number of undocumented and stateless children in Malaysia is unknown but is thought to be in the tens of thousands. The findings also reveal that legal education and community engagement address issues of uncertain citizenship and human rights. The findings emphasize the significance of community legal education and institutionally collaborative approaches in tackling the problem of ambiguous citizenship and improving human rights protection for migrant children.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-10-29</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/JPHI/article/view/58465</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jphi.v9i2.58465</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Pengabdian Hukum Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Legal Community Engagement) JPHI; Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): July-December, 2026; 899-928</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2654-8313</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2654-8305</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jphi.v9i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/JPHI/article/view/58465/12012</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Yordan Gunawan, Sonny Zulhuda, M. Fabian Akbar, Muhammad Raqi Pratama, Muhammad Iqbal , Arif Reksa Pambudi (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>