The Effect of Alginate-Chitosan/Quaternary Chitosan Concentration on The Release of Propolis (Tetragonula Spp.) in Hydrogel Wound Dressings

Nugroho, Iqbal; Priskilla Meliana Hutahaean; Melania Diu; Aulya Indah Purwanty; Annisa Aulia Savitri

doi:10.15294/jstrp.v5i2.35129

Jurnal

The Effect of Alginate-Chitosan/Quaternary Chitosan Concentration on The Release of Propolis (Tetragonula Spp.) in Hydrogel Wound Dressings

Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy · Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 16–20

DOI: 10.15294/jstrp.v5i2.35129
ISSN: 2776-0685
Terbit: 2025-11-21
Penerbit: Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa: eng

Abstrak

The increasing incidence of acute and chronic wounds globally requires the development of effective wound dressings. This study aims to formulate and analyze the release profile of propolis extract (Tetragonula spp.), which has potential biological activity for wound healing, from a hydrogel wound dressing (HWD) based on alginate-chitosan/quaternary chitosan biocomposite as a delivery system that can control its release. Propolis extract, which has been tested positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids, was formulated into four HWD formulas (F1-F4) with varying ratios using the solvent casting method. The results of the release test in PBS medium at pH 7.4 at 37 C for 48 hours showed that all formulas produced a gradual release. The results of the One-Way ANOVA test on the final cumulative release showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). However, descriptively, Formula F2 (4% alginate-8% quaternary chitosan) showed the highest release percentage (99.85%) with the most stable rate, followed by F4 (98.71%), while F3 with high chitosan showed the lowest percentage (86.65%). The best release kinetics analysis followed the Higuchi model (R² ≥ 0.95), indicating that the release mechanism was controlled by diffusion. It was concluded that variations in the alginate and chitosan/quaternary chitosan ratios affected the release pattern and rate, and Formula F2 with a balanced ratio produced an optimal controlled release profile, making it the most ideal candidate for further development as a therapeutic hydrogel wound dressing.

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Rekan penulis	Organisasi	Artikel bersama
Fitri Indrawati	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Luqman Alwi	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Sri Ratna Rahayu	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Palgunadi Palgunadi	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Diah Rahmah Permatasari	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Ikhsan Ramadhan	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Jacklyn Mahardeka Putri Sherman	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Nasywa Vebhe Pranandari	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Widya Kusuma Wardhani	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Jemima Pradipta Apituley	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Widya Hary Cahyati	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Margareta Rahayuningsih	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Dliya Laela Eka Meviana	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Fathurrahman Muhammad	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Cantika Salya Manikawening Anakita	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Neli Syahida Ni’ma	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Willy Tirza Eden	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/JSTRP/oai, pertama di-harvest 5 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 5 Nov 2026.

Metadata asli (oai_dc)

<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The Effect of Alginate-Chitosan/Quaternary Chitosan Concentration on The Release of Propolis (Tetragonula Spp.) in Hydrogel Wound Dressings</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nugroho, Iqbal</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Priskilla Meliana Hutahaean</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Melania Diu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Aulya Indah Purwanty</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Annisa Aulia Savitri</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Propolis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hydrogel wound dressing</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Alginate</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Chitosan</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Drug release</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Tetragonula spp.</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The increasing incidence of acute and chronic wounds globally requires the development of effective wound dressings. This study aims to formulate and analyze the release profile of propolis extract (Tetragonula spp.), which has potential biological activity for wound healing, from a hydrogel wound dressing (HWD) based on alginate-chitosan/quaternary chitosan biocomposite as a delivery system that can control its release. Propolis extract, which has been tested positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids, was formulated into four HWD formulas (F1-F4) with varying ratios using the solvent casting method. The results of the release test in PBS medium at pH 7.4 at 37 C for 48 hours showed that all formulas produced a gradual release. The results of the One-Way ANOVA test on the final cumulative release showed no statistically significant differences (p&amp;gt;0.05). However, descriptively, Formula F2 (4% alginate-8% quaternary chitosan) showed the highest release percentage (99.85%) with the most stable rate, followed by F4 (98.71%), while F3 with high chitosan showed the lowest percentage (86.65%). The best release kinetics analysis followed the Higuchi model (R² ≥ 0.95), indicating that the release mechanism was controlled by diffusion. It was concluded that variations in the alginate and chitosan/quaternary chitosan ratios affected the release pattern and rate, and Formula F2 with a balanced ratio produced an optimal controlled release profile, making it the most ideal candidate for further development as a therapeutic hydrogel wound dressing.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-11-21</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/JSTRP/article/view/35129</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jstrp.v5i2.35129</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy; 16-20</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2776-0685</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jstrp.v5i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/JSTRP/article/view/35129/7012</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>