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Antibacterial Activity Test of the Combination of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) Extract and Nanochitosan Against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis

Life Science · Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 1–10

DOI
10.15294/unnesjlifesci.v14.i1.24777
ISSN
2528-5009, 2252-6277
Terbit
2025-05-31
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Indonesia is one of the world’s most biodiverse countries, including in medicinal plants that contain active compounds with potential as sources of modern medicine, particularly for treating bacterial infections. The use of herbal plants as antibacterial agents offers an alternative to overcome antibiotic resistance and the side effects of synthetic drugs. Bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) and nanochitosan are known for their antibacterial properties due to their bioactive compounds. However, studies on their combined effects are still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of combinations of bay leaf extract (15%, 25%, and 35%) and nanochitosan (0.5% and 1%) against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied, using sterile distilled water as a negative control and 0.1% chloramphenicol as a positive control. The antibacterial activity test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results showed the positive control produced inhibition zones of 25.45 ± 1.27 mm for E. coli and 25.05 ± 0.39 mm for B. subtilis. The most effective combination was K3 (35% bay leaf extract and 0.5% nanochitosan), which produced inhibition zones of 12.65 ± 0.52 mm and 12.91 ± 0.55 mm, respectively. Statistical analysis using the Tukey HSD post hoc test confirmed significant differences among treatments. These findings suggest that the combination of bay leaf extract and nanochitosan holds promise as an alternative antibacterial agent

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Dewi MustikaningtyasState University of Semarang4
Talitha WidiatningrumState University of Semarang4
Andhina Putri HeriyantiState University of Semarang2
R. SusantiState University of Semarang2
Saiful RidloState University of Semarang2
Siti AlimahState University of Semarang2
Sri SukaesihState University of Semarang2
Dwi Puji HayatiState University of Semarang2
Margareta RahayuningsihState University of Semarang2
Hasyim AbdurrasyidState University of Semarang2
Ibnul MubarokState University of Semarang2
Mutiara Bintang RamadaniState University of Semarang2
Nadya Audina Nurkhafiya SadikinState University of Semarang2
Supriyadi SupriyadiState University of Semarang1
Kusmuriyanto KusmuriyantoState University of Semarang1
Mochamad Nur SholikhinState University of Semarang1
Nishfa MufatihahState University of Semarang1
Niken SubektiState University of Semarang1
Dyah Rini IndriyantiState University of Semarang1
Ning SetiatiState University of Semarang1
Ely RudyatmiState University of Semarang1
Sriyadi SriyadiMuhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta1
Rusyida AuliyaState University of Semarang1
Naeli Tamin QonitaState University of Semarang1
Previanda ArditamaState University of Semarang1
Nadya Wulan RamadhaniState University of Semarang1
Nanda Sabila Fitriana PutriState University of Semarang1
Ghani WalandipaState University of Semarang1
Yenni Tyas Wulandari K. EState University of Semarang1
Afra Fauziah L. PutriState University of Semarang1
Muh Fakhrihun NaamAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fatimah Annisa AzzahraState University of Semarang1
Taofan Ali AchmadiState University of Semarang1
Wulansari PrasetyaningtyasState University of Semarang1
Nanda Delva FitriyahState University of Semarang1
Prasetyo ListiajiState University of Semarang1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/UnnesJLifeSci/oai, pertama di-harvest 5 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Antibacterial Activity Test of the Combination of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) Extract and Nanochitosan Against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Astrid Farmayati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Siti Harnina Bintari</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pramesti Dewi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Dewi Mustikaningtyas</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Antibacterial</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Bacillus subtilis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Bay leaf</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Eschericia coli</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Indonesia is one of the world’s most biodiverse countries, including in medicinal plants that contain active compounds with potential as sources of modern medicine, particularly for treating bacterial infections. The use of herbal plants as antibacterial agents offers an alternative to overcome antibiotic resistance and the side effects of synthetic drugs. Bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) and nanochitosan are known for their antibacterial properties due to their bioactive compounds. However, studies on their combined effects are still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of combinations of bay leaf extract (15%, 25%, and 35%) and nanochitosan (0.5% and 1%) against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied, using sterile distilled water as a negative control and 0.1% chloramphenicol as a positive control. The antibacterial activity test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results showed the positive control produced inhibition zones of 25.45 ± 1.27 mm for E. coli and 25.05 ± 0.39 mm for B. subtilis. The most effective combination was K3 (35% bay leaf extract and 0.5% nanochitosan), which produced inhibition zones of 12.65 ± 0.52 mm and 12.91 ± 0.55 mm, respectively. Statistical analysis using the Tukey HSD post hoc test confirmed significant differences among treatments. These findings suggest that the combination of bay leaf extract and nanochitosan holds promise as an alternative antibacterial agent</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-05-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/UnnesJLifeSci/article/view/24777</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/unnesjlifesci.v14.i1.24777</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Life Science; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): May 2025; 1-10</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2528-5009</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6277</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/unnesjlifesci.v14.i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/UnnesJLifeSci/article/view/24777/4211</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Life Science</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>