Characterization and Evaluation of Tobacco Stem Waste Liquid Smoke as an Eco-Friendly Tofu Bio-preservation

Purwantisari, Susiana; Rasyid, Rido Baharudin Ar; Wardana, Tegar Pratama Kayong; Arfieta, Frisca; Wibisono, Shafa’ Khairunnisa; Jaya, Myra Ivana Yulia; Dafip, Muchamad

doi:10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i3.21552

Jurnal

Characterization and Evaluation of Tobacco Stem Waste Liquid Smoke as an Eco-Friendly Tofu Bio-preservation

Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education · Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025) · hlm. 561–571

DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i3.21552
ISSN: 2338-7610, 2085-191X
Terbit: 2025-11-18
Penerbit: Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa: eng

Abstrak

Tofu preservation often uses unsafe chemicals, especially formaldehyde, that trigger health problems in humans. Therefore, it is necessary to develop preservation methods that are both effective and safe for human health. Liquid smoke derived from tobacco stem waste is well known to contain antioxidant and antimicrobial properties that may be suitable for use as a preservative compound for tofu. This study aims to evaluated the potential of tobacco stem liquid smoke as a natural preservative by analyzing its chemical profile, antimicrobial efficacy, and impact on tofu characteristics. Tofu samples were soaked in 0%, 5%, and 15% liquid smoke solutions and stored at room temperature for 24 hours. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of key compounds: phenolics (51.21%), fatty acids (30.82%), and ketones (17.96%). The treatment significantly improved preservation metrics, reducing the microbial load by up to 81% and lowering the pH to 5.1. The moisture content was reduced while protein levels were proportionally maintained. The 15% concentration provided the highest antimicrobial effect, enhanced aroma, and imparted a distinctive smoky flavor, yet the treatment was preferred by panelists for its better preservation of original color and soft texture. These findings highlight the potential of tobacco stem liquid smoke as a natural, low-cost preservative for tofu, promoting the valorization of biomass waste into value-added products.

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State University of Semarang
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Rekan penulis	Organisasi	Artikel bersama
R Susanti	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	3
Ari Yuniastuti	State University of Semarang	2
Retno Sri Iswari	State University of Semarang	1
Aprilia Indra Kartika	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Winarto Reki	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Muhammad Husein Gasem	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Meutia Srikandi Fitria	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
R.Susanti	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Endah Yuliana	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Nur Rahayu Utami	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Fidia Fibriana	State University of Semarang	1
Fitri Arum Sasi	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/biosaintifika/oai, pertama di-harvest 5 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.

Metadata asli (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Characterization and Evaluation of Tobacco Stem Waste Liquid Smoke as an Eco-Friendly Tofu Bio-preservation</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Purwantisari, Susiana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rasyid, Rido Baharudin Ar </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wardana, Tegar Pratama Kayong </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Arfieta, Frisca </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wibisono, Shafa’ Khairunnisa </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Jaya, Myra Ivana Yulia </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Dafip, Muchamad </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">bio-preservative</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">liquid smoke</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">tobacco stem</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">tofu preservation</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Tofu preservation often uses unsafe chemicals, especially formaldehyde, that trigger health problems in humans. Therefore, it is necessary to develop preservation methods that are both effective and safe for human health. Liquid smoke derived from tobacco stem waste is well known to contain antioxidant and antimicrobial properties that may be suitable for use as a preservative compound for tofu. This study aims to evaluated the potential of tobacco stem liquid smoke as a natural preservative by analyzing its chemical profile, antimicrobial efficacy, and impact on tofu characteristics. Tofu samples were soaked in 0%, 5%, and 15% liquid smoke solutions and stored at room temperature for 24 hours. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of key compounds: phenolics (51.21%), fatty acids (30.82%), and ketones (17.96%). The treatment significantly improved preservation metrics, reducing the microbial load by up to 81% and lowering the pH to 5.1. The moisture content was reduced while protein levels were proportionally maintained. The 15% concentration provided the highest antimicrobial effect, enhanced aroma, and imparted a distinctive smoky flavor, yet the treatment was preferred by panelists for its better preservation of original color and soft texture. These findings highlight the potential of tobacco stem liquid smoke as a natural, low-cost preservative for tofu, promoting the valorization of biomass waste into value-added products.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-11-18</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/biosaintifika/article/view/21552</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i3.21552</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education; Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): November 2025; 561-571</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-7610</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2085-191X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/biosaintifika/article/view/21552/7258</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>