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Protecting the Religious Belief: A Study on the Blasphemy Laws Across Jurisdictions and Religions

Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society · Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 45–86

DOI
10.15294/ciils.v4i1.25521
ISSN
2829-8624, 2829-8373
Terbit
2025-06-27
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The purpose of this article is to examines legal and religious dimensions of blasphemy in the provisions of Penal Code of Indonesia, Kuwaiti law correspond to the established principles of Islamic, Christianity, and Hinduism. This is through employing a critical and comparative approach, the study compares the foundational of Penal Code of Indonesia and the Kuwaiti legislation as well as Islamic Sharia, Christianity and Hinduism, identifying areas of overlap in criminalizing offenses against religious belief. The paper found that the Penal Code of Indonesia criminalizes incitement or coercion aimed at making others abandon their religion or belief through violence or threats, while Kuwaiti law largely reflects the Sharia based prohibition of conduct deemed offensive to sacred values. The underlying philosophies behind the criminalization of blasphemy in Islamic Sharia, Penal Code Kuwaiti law, may differ in their foundational justifications, they join on a shared notion, to protect religious thoughts and prevent the incitement of discord and hatred under freedom of expression. From the Christianity perspective, Christians are taught not only to forgive, pray for, and bless the offender, but also, if needed, to pursue legal avenues as provided by national laws. Hinduism places greater importance on maintaining fraternal relationships among humans being than on defending the honour of the religion or its deities. If an act is deemed blasphemous according to the law of the state, the recommended course of action in Hinduism is to restore spiritual balance through a ritual of atonement known as Prayascitta.

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Anto KustantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Abdul KholiqAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Anugerah Tatema HarefaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Oinike Natalia HarefaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nor Akhmal HasminAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ida Bagus Alit Yoga MaheswaraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Komang Indra ApsaridewiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Poerwoko Hadi SasmitoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nurul HikmahInstitut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari1
EMMILIA RUSDIANAAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Syahid Akhmad FaisolAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Anisa Deny SetiawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Zico Junius FernandoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Kayus K LewolebaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ciils/oai, pertama di-harvest 5 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 5 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Protecting the Religious Belief: A Study on the Blasphemy Laws Across Jurisdictions and Religions</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ali, Mahrus</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Al-Fahad, Hamad Faisal</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Prabowo, M Shidqon</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wibawa, I Putu Sastra</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Harefa, Beniharmoni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sanjaya, Aditya Wiguna</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Blasphemy</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Penal Code</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Kuwaiti legal system</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Islamic jurisprudence</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Christianity</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The purpose of this article is to examines legal and religious dimensions of blasphemy in the provisions of Penal Code of Indonesia, Kuwaiti law correspond to the established principles of Islamic, Christianity, and Hinduism. This is through employing a critical and comparative approach, the study compares the foundational of Penal Code of Indonesia and the Kuwaiti legislation as well as Islamic Sharia, Christianity and Hinduism, identifying areas of overlap in criminalizing offenses against religious belief. The paper found that the Penal Code of Indonesia criminalizes incitement or coercion aimed at making others abandon their religion or belief through violence or threats, while Kuwaiti law largely reflects the Sharia based prohibition of conduct deemed offensive to sacred values. The underlying philosophies behind the criminalization of blasphemy in Islamic Sharia, Penal Code Kuwaiti law, may differ in their foundational justifications, they join on a shared notion, to protect religious thoughts and prevent the incitement of discord and hatred under freedom of expression. From the Christianity perspective, Christians are taught not only to forgive, pray for, and bless the offender, but also, if needed, to pursue legal avenues as provided by national laws. Hinduism places greater importance on maintaining fraternal relationships among humans being than on defending the honour of the religion or its deities. If an act is deemed blasphemous according to the law of the state, the recommended course of action in Hinduism is to restore spiritual balance through a ritual of atonement known as Prayascitta.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-06-27</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ciils/article/view/25521</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ciils.v4i1.25521</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Intersections of Religious Diversity, Legal Frameworks, and Human Rights; 45-86</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2829-8624</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2829-8373</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ciils/article/view/25521/4819</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Mahrus Ali, Hamad Faisal Al-Fahad, M Shidqon Prabowo, Doni Noviantama, I Putu Sastra Wibawa, Beniharmoni Harefa, Aditya Wiguna Sanjaya (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>