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Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis Test: A Case Study of BRICS Countries

Efficient: Indonesian Journal of Development Economics · Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 122–132

DOI
10.15294/efficient.v8i1.4616
ISSN
2655-318X, 2655-6197
Terbit
2025-01-13
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

The world's environmental crisis is a growing concern. Carbon dioxide is the most dominant greenhouse gas causing major climate change and global warming through human activities, including economic activities. This study aims to test the EKC theory in BRICS and the independent variables of exports, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and renewable energy consumption. Research method using the Pooled Mean Group method ARDL (1990-2022). The results show that the EKC hypothesis is proven in BRICS and forms an inverted U curve in the long run. Export has a positive effect in the long run. FDI has a positive effect in the long run. Energy consumption has a negative in the long run.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Sebelas Maret University
  • Al Zawiya University
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Deky Aji SusenoState University of Semarang2
Witati WitatiState University of Semarang1
Malik CahyadinSebelas Maret University1
Basem Elmukhtar ErtimiAl Zawiya University1
Anik RahmawatiState University of Semarang1
Annisa Aulia RohmahState University of Semarang1
Dewi Pardian Intan PratamaState University of Semarang1
Annis Nurfitriana NihayahState University of Semarang1
Nurjannah Rahayu KistantiState University of Semarang1
Ayuntavia AyuntaviaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Grace Natalia MarpaungState University of Semarang1
Prasetyo Ari BowoState University of Semarang1
Sepviana Nur KumalaSebelas Maret University1
Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika PrajantiState University of Semarang1
Shanty OktaviliaState University of Semarang1
Dafa Afif PratamaState University of Semarang1
Dyah Maya NihayahState University of Semarang1
Karsinah KarsinahState University of Semarang1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/efficient/oai, pertama di-harvest 5 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis Test: A Case Study of BRICS Countries</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Prabaswati, Vera Candra</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Putri, Phany Ineke</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">EKC</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Export</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">FDI</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Renewable Energy Consumption</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Autoregressive Distributed Lag</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The world's environmental crisis is a growing concern. Carbon dioxide is the most dominant greenhouse gas causing major climate change and global warming through human activities, including economic activities. This study aims to test the EKC theory in BRICS and the independent variables of exports, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and renewable energy consumption. Research method using the Pooled Mean Group method ARDL (1990-2022). The results show that the EKC hypothesis is proven in BRICS and forms an inverted U curve in the long run. Export has a positive effect in the long run. FDI has a positive effect in the long run. Energy consumption has a negative in the long run.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-01-13</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/efficient/article/view/4616</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/efficient.v8i1.4616</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Efficient: Indonesian Journal of Development Economics; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025); 122-132</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2655-318X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2655-6197</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/w2349t63</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/efficient/article/view/4616/6814</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Efficient: Indonesian Journal of Development Economics</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>